The Scramble for African Colonies

1
The Scramble for African Colonies

• In the late 1800s and early 1900s, imperialist
  European nations gained control over much of
  Africa. Imperialism brought wealth and prestige
  to Europeans, but native people were often
  oppressed and abused.

2

• This segment looks at the horrors of imperialism
  as revealed in Joseph Conrads novel, HEART OF
  DARKNESS, set in the Belgian Congo during the Age
  of Imperialism.
• 1. In the late 1800s, European countries looked
  to Africa to fill their economic need for? What
  2 things?
• 2. Why did Joseph Conrad write the novel Heart of
  Darkness?
• 3. Why were European countries able to dominate
  so much of Africa in the late 1800s?

3

1. Natural resources and laborers
2. To expose the evils of imperialism in the Congo
3. European power was fueled by the technology of
   the Industrial Revolution. New weapons and
   steam-powered locomotives and ships gave
   Europeans the ability to move quickly, and fight
   wars with brutal efficiency.

4
NATIONALISM IN AFRICA1920s-1930s
5

• Over 1 million Africans fought in WWI. They were
  angry when for instance German colonies were not
  granted independence, but rather given to other
  European powers.
• Look at map and identify the wealthiest segment
  and the most populous segment.
• What would be the long-term effects of this
  inequality?

6
Colonial Africa

• Make 2 lists one of the conditions in colonial
  Africa in the early 1900s, and one of the ways
  Africans responded.
• Then answer 1. How did these two
  strands----colonial abuses and African
  resistanceplay out in South Africa?
• 2. In what ways did colonial powers try to
  control African life?

7

• Answer to question ---
• Whites instituted a repressive system of
  segregation called
• APARTHEID.
• Blacks resisted by forming a political party to
  protest by forming a political party to protest
  by legal means.
• Answer The colonizers set up economic and
  political systems that benefited mainly
  themselves!

8
South Africa The Rise of Apartheid

• For most of the 20th century, a system known as
  apartheid kept white South Africans separate from
  and more powerful than non-white South Africans.
• 1. The South African political system known as
  apartheid was based on ________
• 2. What method did the African National Congress
  favor in its struggle against apartheid?
• 3. How did apartheid change the lives of both
  black and white South Africans?

9

1. Separation of the races and restriction of
   rights.
2. Civil disobedience
3. Apartheid segregated racial groups. Apartheid
   laws provided white South Africans with higher
   wages. These laws also evicted black South
   Africans from their land and made it illegal for
   them to travel without passes. Other laws
   prevented black SA from voting and forced them to
   live on reserves located in arid, infertile areas.

10
Pan-Africanism

• Nationalistic approach to end colonial control
• Pan-Africanism unified Africans and people of
  African descent.
• 1920s Leader Marcus Garvey (Jamaican-born)
  message was Africa for Africans
• W.E.B. Dubois organized the first
• PA Congress he was an A-A

11
Negritude Movement

• A Nationalistic approach to end colonial rule
• Developed from the 1930s to the 1950s
• It was set up to protest mistreatment of Africa
  and its people by colonial powers.
• Leopold Senghor of French West Africa (now
  Senegal), became the leading figure in this
  movement
• He worked to unify Africans politically
• He appealed to French president Charles de Gaulle
  and Senegal became a republic in 1960
• Senghor was elected its first president.
• He fostered African pride by rejecting the
  negative views of Africa spread by colonial rulers