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MITOGENOME FRAGMENTATION IN ANIMALS POSSIBLE
MOLECULAR MECHANISMS Tadeusz Malewski Department
of Molecular and Biometric Techniques, Museum
and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of
Science, Warsaw, Poland
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Typical organization of mtDNA in animals
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1819 (2012) 939 -
947
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Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Wei D-D, Shao R, Yuan M-L, Dou W, Barker SC, et
al. (2012) The Multipartite Mitochondrial Genome
of Liposcelis bostrychophila Insights into the
Evolution of Mitochondrial Genomes in Bilateral
Animals. PLoS ONE 7(3) e33973.
doi10.1371/journal.pone.0033973
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Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Gibson T, Blok VC, Phillips MS, Hong G,
Kumarasinghe D, Riley IT, Dowton M (2007) The
Mitochondrial Subgenomes of the Nematode
Globodera pallida are Mosaics Evidence of
Recombination in an Animal Mitochondrial Genome J
Mol Evol 64463471
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Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Smith DR, Kayal E, Yanagihara AA, Collins AG,
Pirro S, Keeling PJ (2011) First Complete
Mitochondrial Genome Sequence from a Box
Jellyfish Reveals a Highly Fragmented Linear
Architecture and Insights into Telomere
Evolution Genome Biol. Evol. 4(1)5258.
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Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Shao R, Zhu X-Q, Barker SC, Herd K
(2012) Evolution of Extensively Fragmented
Mitochondrial Genomes in the Lice of
Humans Genome Biol. Evol. 4(11)10881101
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Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Shao R, Zhu X-Q, Barker SC, Herd K
(2012) Evolution of Extensively Fragmented
Mitochondrial Genomes in the Lice of
Humans Genome Biol. Evol. 4(11)10881101
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Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
number of minicycles Hexapoda Liposcelis
bostrychophila 2 Damalinia sika
3 Pediculus humanus 20 Nematoda Globodera
pallida 7 Globodera rostrochiensis
7 Rotifera Brachionus plicatilis
2 Medusozoa Hydra magnipapillata
2 Mesosoa Dicyema misakiense
6 Diplonemids Diplonema papillatum gt 100
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Possible molecular mechanisms responsible for
formation and maintaining of multipartite mtDNA

• replication - recombination

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Kasiviswanathan R, Collins TRL, Copeland WC
(2012) The interface of transcription and DNA
replication in the mitochondria Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta 1819 970978
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Silencing of TbPIF2 expression resulted in rapid
loss of maxicircles with little effect on
minicircles Abundance of TbPIF2 is controlled
through proteolytic degradation by TbHslVU
Klingbeil MM, Shapiro TA (2009) Unraveling the
Secrets of Regulating Mitochondrial DNA
Replication Molecular Cell 35 398 - 400
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RNA (?) helicase Suv3
Comparison of efficacy of RNA and DNA unwinding
reaction mediated by hSuv3p as a function of
decreasing enzyme concentration.
M. Minczuk, J. Piwowarski, M.A. Papworth, K.
Awiszus, S. Schalinski, A. Dziembowski, A.
Dmochowska, E. Bartnik, K. Tokatlidis, P.P.
Stepien, P. Borowski (2002) Localisation of the
human hSuv3p helicase in the mitochondrial matrix
and itspreferential unwinding of dsDNA. Nucleic
Acids Res. 30 50745086.
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A model of the functional interplay between the
activities of the yeast mitochondrial degradosome.
Szczesny RJ, Borowski LS, Malecki M, Wojcik MA,
Stepien PP, Golik P (2012) RNA Degradation in
Yeast and Human Mitochondria Biochimica et
Biophysica Acta 1819 10271034
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Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al.
(2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume
Vigna radiata and the Analysis of Recombination
across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLoS ONE
6(1) e16404. doi10.1371/journal.pone.0016404
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Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al.
(2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume
Vigna radiata and the Analysis of Recombination
across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLoS ONE
6(1) e16404. doi10.1371/journal.pone.0016404 htt
p//www.plosone.org/article/infodoi/10.1371/journ
al.pone.0016404
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Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al.
(2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume
Vigna radiata and the Analysis of Recombination
across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLoS ONE
6(1) e16404. doi10.1371/journal.pone.0016404 htt
p//www.plosone.org/article/infodoi/10.1371/journ
al.pone.0016404
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Alverson AJ, Zhuo S, Rice DW, Sloan DB, et al.
(2011) The Mitochondrial Genome of the Legume
Vigna radiata and the Analysis of Recombination
across Short Mitochondrial Repeats. PLoS ONE
6(1) e16404. doi10.1371/journal.pone.0016404 htt
p//www.plosone.org/article/infodoi/10.1371/journ
al.pone.0016404
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Multipartite mitochondrial DNA
Shao R, Zhu X-Q, Barker SC, Herd K
(2012) Evolution of Extensively Fragmented
Mitochondrial Genomes in the Lice of
Humans Genome Biol. Evol. 4(11)10881101
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(No Transcript)
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Stem-loop structures in multipartite mtDNA of
Globodera
GGTTTTTCG T-A T-A T-A
T-A T-A T-A T-A
T-A Scmt I 5389-5415
GGTTTTTCG A-T A-T A-T
A-T A-T A-T A-T A-T
A-T Scmt III 1593-1619
TTCTCGGTC T-A T-A T-A
T-A T-A A-T A-T
T-A Scmt VI 1849-1874
TTAATTAT T-A T-A T-A
T-A T-A T-A C-G
T-A A-T A-T Scmt VI
2479-2506
TATTCTTTCC T-A A-T A-T
A-T A-T A-T A-T T-A
Scmt VII 283-308
G. rostrochiensis
G. pallida
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Variations in multipartite mtDNA in populations
of Globodera pallida
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mtDNA Populations Populations Populations Populations Populations Populations Populations Populations Populations
mtDNA A A B B B C C C C
mtDNA Cysts Cysts Cysts Cysts Cysts Cysts Cysts Cysts Cysts
mtDNA 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4
I - - - - - - -
II
III - -
IV
V
VI - - -
VII
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Thank you for attention