Occupational Health and Safety Program Fall Protection For General Industry

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Occupational Health and Safety ProgramFall
Protection For General Industry
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Course Description

• Provides descriptions of fall hazards in general
  industry and maintenance and the OSHA regulations
  to mitigate the hazards.
• Includes general requirements, floor and wall
  openings and holes, ladders, scaffolding, aerial
  lifts, and other working surfaces.

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Getting Credit and Certificate
To get full credit and certificate for this
class, the class facilitator should do the
following Present the Power Point Presentation
and have all students study any handouts. Enter
the appropriate information into the facilitys
training records. Send the following
information by e-mail to the Cabinets Safety
Coordinator for each student in the
class -name, -work address, -work
title, -name of class, -date of class. Safety
Coordinator-Richard T. Owen at Richard.Owen_at_ky.gov
. The certificates will be returned to the class
facilitator.

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Introduction

• Slips, trips, and falls constitute the majority
  of general industry accidents.
• They cause 15 of all accidental deaths, and are
  second only to motor vehicles as a cause of
  fatalities.

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Application of OSHA Regulations

• OSHA standards for walking and working surfaces
  apply to
• all permanent places of employment and
• maintenance sites.

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Housekeeping

• Some of the most frequently overlooked general
  requirements involve housekeeping.

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Housekeeping

• All places of employment, passageways,
  storerooms, and service rooms shall be kept clean
  and orderly and in a sanitary condition.
• The floor of every workroom shall be maintained
  in a clean and, so far as possible, a dry
  condition.

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Housekeeping

• Where wet processes are used, drainage shall be
  maintained and gratings, mats or raised platforms
  shall be provided.

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Aisles and Passageways

• Aisles and passageways shall be kept clear and in
  good repair with no obstruction across or in
  aisles that could create a hazard.
• Permanent aisles and passageways shall be
  appropriately marked.

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Aisles and Passageways

• Where mechanical equipment is used, aisles
  shall be sufficiently wide. Improper aisle widths
  coupled with poor housekeeping and employee
  traffic can cause injury to employees, damage the
  equipment and material, and can limit egress in
  emergencies.

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Covers and Guardrails

• Covers and/or guardrails shall be provided to
  protect personnel from the hazards of open pits,
  tanks, vats, ditches, etc.

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Floor/Roof Loading

• Load ratings on any floor or roof of a building
  or other structure shall not be exceeded by
  placing a load greater that that for which such
  floor or roof is approved.

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Protection for Floor Openings

• Standard railings shall be provided on all
  exposed sides of a stairway opening, except at
  the stairway entrance.

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Protection for Floor Openings

• Standard Railing-consists of a top rail, mid
  rail, and posts. Shall have a vertical height of
  42 inches from the upper surface of top rail to
  floor, platform, runway or ramp level.
• Mid-rail height is 21 inches.
• Toeboard is also required.

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Protection for Floor Openings

• Standard Toeboard-4 inches in vertical height,
  with not more than ¼-inch clearance above floor
  level.

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Protection for Floor Openings

• Floor openings may be covered rather than guarded
  with rails.
• When the floor opening cover is removed, a
  temporary guardrail shall be in place, or an
  employee shall be stationed at the opening to
  warn personnel.

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Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/Runways

• Every open sided floor or platform 4 feet or
  more above adjacent floor or ground level shall
  be guarded by a standard railing on all open
  sides, except where there is an entrance to a
  ramp, stairway, or fixed ladder.

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Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/Runways

• The railing shall be provided with a toeboard
  whenever, beneath the open sides
• Persons can pass,
• There is moving machinery, and/or
• There is equipment with which falling materials
  could create a hazard.

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Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/Runways

• Every runway shall be guarded by a standard
  railing, or equivalent, on all sides 4 feet or
  more above floor or ground level.
• Where tools, machine parts, and/or materials are
  likely to be used on the runway, a toeboard is
  required on the exposed side.

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Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/Runways

• Regardless of height, open sided floors,
  walkways, platforms or runways above or adjacent
  to dangerous equipment or other hazards shall be
  guarded with a standard railing and toeboard.

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Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/Runways

• Use at least one of the following whenever
  employees are exposed to a fall of 6 feet or more
  above a lower level
• Guardrail systems,
• Safety net systems,
• Fall arrest systems.

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Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/Runways

• Cover or guard floor holes as soon as they are
  created during new construction.
• For existing structures, survey the site before
  working and continually audit as work continues.
• Guard or cover any openings or holes immediately.

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Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/Runways

• Construct all floor hole covers so they will
  effectively support two times the weight of
  employees, equipment, and/or materials that may
  be imposed on the cover at any one time.

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Protection of Open Sided Floors/Platforms/Runways

• In general, it is better to use fall prevention
  systems, such as guardrails, than fall protection
  systems, such as safety nets or fall arrest
  devices, because they provide more positive
  safety means.

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Stairway Railings and Guards

• Every flight of stairs with four or more risers
  shall have standard stair railings or standard
  handrails as specified in OSHA Regulations.

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Portable Ladders
Chief hazard when using a ladder is falling. A
poorly designed, maintained or improperly used
ladder may collapse under the load placed upon it
and cause an employee to fall.
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Types of Portable Ladders

• Stepladder-self supporting portable ladder,
  non-adjustable in length.
• Single Ladder-non self supporting portable,
  non-adjustable in length, consisting of one
  section.
• Extension Ladder-Non self supporting portable
  ladder adjustable in length.

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OSHA Requirements for Ladders

• Portable stepladders longer than 20 feet shall
  not be used.
• Stepladders shall be equipped with a metal
  spreader or locking device of sufficient size and
  strength to securely hold the front and back
  sections in open position.

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OSHA Requirements for Ladders

• Single ladders longer than 30 feet shall not be
  used.
• Extension ladders longer than 60 feet shall not
  be used.
• Ladders shall be maintained in good condition at
  all times.

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OSHA Requirements for Ladders

• Ladders shall be inspected frequently and those
  which have developed defects shall be withdrawn
  from service for repair or destruction and tagged
  or marked as DANGEROUS-DO NOT USE.

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OSHA Standards for Ladder Use

• Ladders shall be placed with a secure footing,
  or they shall be lashed, or held in position.
• Ladders used to gain access to a roof or other
  area shall extend at least 3 feet above the point
  of support.

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OSHA Standards for Ladder Use

• The foot of a ladder shall, where possible, be
  used at such a pitch that the horizontal distance
  from the top support to the foot of the ladder is
  ¼ of the working length of the ladder.

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OSHA Standards for Ladder Use

• The worker shall always face the ladder when
  climbing up or down.
• Short ladders shall not be spliced together to
  make long ladders.
• Ladders shall never be used in the horizontal
  position as scaffolds or work platforms.
• Top of a regular stepladder shall not be used
  as a step.

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OSHA Standards for Ladder Use

• Use both hands when climbing or descending
  ladders.
• Metal ladders shall never be used near electrical
  equipment.

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OSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

• Footing or anchorage for scaffolds shall be
  sound, rigid, and capable of carrying the maximum
  intended load without settling or displacement.

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OSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

• Unstable objects, such as barrels, boxes, loose
  brick or concrete blocks shall not be used to
  support scaffolds or planks.

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OSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

• Scaffolds and their components shall be capable
  of supporting at least FOUR TIMES the maximum
  intended load.

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OSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

• Scaffolds and their components shall be
  maintained in a safe condition and shall not be
  altered or moved horizontally while they are in
  use or occupied.

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OSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

• Damaged or weakened scaffolds shall be
  immediately repaired and shall not be used until
  repairs have been completed.

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OSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

• A safe means must be provided to gain access to
  the working platform level through the use of a
  ladder, ramp, etc.
• Overhead protection must be provided for
  personnel on a scaffold exposed to overhead
  hazards.

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OSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

• Guardrails, midrails, and toeboards must be
  installed on all open sides and ends of platforms
  more than 10 feet above the ground or floor.
• Wire mesh must be installed between the toeboard
  and the guardrail along the entire opening, where
  persons are required to work or pass under the
  scaffolds.

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OSHA Requirements for Scaffolds

• Employees shall not work on scaffolds during
  storms or high winds or when covered with ice or
  snow.

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Unguarded Protruding Steel Rebars

• Unguarded protruding steel reinforcing bars are
  hazardous. Workers can impale themselves by
  stumbling or falling onto the rebars.

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Unguarded Protruding Steel Rebars

• Guard all protruding ends of steel rebar with
  rebar caps or wooden troughs
• Bend rebar so exposed ends are no longer upright
• When employees are working at any height above
  exposed rebar, fall protection/prevention is the
  first line of defense against impalement.

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Unguarded Protruding Steel Rebars

• Rebar Caps and Wooden Trough

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Unguarded Protruding Steel Rebars

• Rebar should be bent over or protect with caps so
  that a worker would not be injured by fall on
  them.

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Aerial Lifts
Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work
Platforms
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Aerial Lifts

• Extensible boom platforms.
• Aerial ladders.
• Articulating boom platforms.
• Vertical towers.
• Boom lifts.
• Combination of any of the above.

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Scissors Lifts

• Scissors lifts do not fall within any of the
  categories, not addressed by the aerial lift
  provisions of the regulations.
• Fall under the requirements of mobile scaffolds.

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Tie-Off Requirements for Aerial Lifts

• Employees must be tied-off when working from an
  aerial lift.
• A body belt is permitted only if it is part of a
  restraint system, otherwise, a body harness must
  be used and the equipment must meet the OSHA
  requirements of a fall arrest system.

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Tie-Off Requirements for Scissors Lifts

• Scissors lifts are covered by the non-aerial
  lift portions of the scaffold standard.
• Employees on a scaffold more than 10 feet above
  a lower level must be protected from falling by
  restraint systems, fall arrest systems, or
  guardrails.
• Tying-off is not required where protection is
  afforded by guardrails.

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Inspections

• Scaffolds and scaffold components shall be
  inspected for visual defects by a competent
  person before each work shift.
• Also inspected after any occurrence which could
  affect structural integrity.

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Thank You For Your Participation

• For additional assistance contact
• Richard T. Owen
• Education Cabinet Safety Coordinator
• 601 East Main Street
• Frankfort, Kentucky 40601
• 502-564-7346
• Richard.Owen_at_ky.gov