Organization Culture

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Force of Change

• Nature of work
• Technology
• Economic Shocks
• Competitiveness
• Social Trends
• World Polities

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• External Force
• Internal Force

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• Planned Change
• Reactive Change

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Structure Technology Physical Setting People
Changes
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Resistance to Change

• Reasons

• Self Interest
• Lack of understanding and Trust
• Uncertainty
• Different Perception

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Individual resistance
- Habit - Security - Economic Factors - Fear of
unknow - Selective information processing

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Organization resistance
- Structure inertia - Limited focus of change -
Group inertia - Threat of expertise - Threat to
established power relationship - Threat to
established resource allocation
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Overcoming Resistance to change

• Education and Communication
• Participation
• Facilitation and support
• Negotiation
• Manipulation and Cooperation
• Coercion

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Change Process
Unfreezing
Refreezing
Moving
Action Research