Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior 2e

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Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind
and Behavior 2e

• Charles T. Blair-Broeker
• Randal M. Ernst

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Variations in Individual and Group Behavior Domain
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Psychological Disorders Chapter
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Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and Personality
Disorders

• Module 31

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Dissociative Disorders

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Dissociative Disorders

• Disorders in which the sense of self has become
  separated (dissociated) from previous memories,
  thoughts, or feelings

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Types of Dissociative Disorders

• Three main types
• Dissociative Amnesia
• Dissociative Fugue
• Dissociative Identity Disorder

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Dissociative Disorders
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Dissociative DisordersDissociative Amnesia

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Dissociative Amnesia

• A dissociative disorder characterized by loss of
  memory in reaction to a traumatic event
• Example soldiers in combat

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Dissociative DisordersDissociative Fugue

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Dissociative Fugue

• A dissociative disorder characterized by loss of
  identity and travel to a new location
• The person may develop a new identity and begin a
  new life.

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Dissociative DisordersDissociative Identity
Disorder

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Rare and controversial dissociative disorder in
  which an individual experiences two or more
  distinct and alternating personalities
• Formerly called multiple personalities

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Personalities can be different ages, sex, and
  self perception of characteristics
• Three Faces of Eve
• Sybil

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Insert Multiple Personality Disorder Video 31
  from Worths Digital Media Archive for
  Psychology.
• Instructions for importing the video file can be
  found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.
• This same clip is on the Brain Series.

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Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Play Multiple Personality (900) Module 23
  from The Brain Teaching Modules (2nd edition).
• This same clip is on the Worth Digital Media
  Archive CD-ROM.

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Schizophrenia Disorders

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Schizophrenia

• Group of severe disorders characterized by
  disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed
  perceptions, and inappropriate emotions and
  actions
• Is not one disorder but a family of disorders
• Is not split personality
• Occurs in about 1 of the population

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Schizophrenia

• Play Schizophrenia Symptoms (539) Module 26
  from The Brain Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

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Schizophrenia DisordersSymptoms of Schizophrenia

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Symptoms of Schizophrenia

• Symptoms of schizophrenia include
• Delusions (false beliefs)
• Hallucinations (false perceptions)
• Inappropriate emotions or behaviors

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Symptoms of Schizophrenia
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Delusions

• False beliefs that are symptoms of schizophrenia
  and other serious psychological disorders
• Four major types of delusions
• Grandeur
• Persecution
• Sin or guilt
• Influence

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Delusions of Grandeur

• False beliefs that a person is more important
  than they really are
• Patients may believe they are a famous person
  (e.g. Napoleon)

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Delusions of Persecution

• False beliefs that people are out to get the
  person
• Believe they are being followed, the phone is
  wiretapped, etc.

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Delusions of Sin or Guilt

• False beliefs that the person is responsible for
  some misfortune

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Delusions of Influence

• False beliefs of being controlled by outside
  forces

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Hallucinations

• False perceptions that are symptoms of
  schizophrenia or other serious psychological
  disorders
• Types of hallucinations
• Auditory (hearing voices)
• Visual (seeing things)
• Tactile (feeling skin sensations)
• Can also have distorted smell and taste

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Inappropriate Emotions/Behaviors

• Flat affect showing little or no emotional
  response
• Word salad nonsense talk
• Waxy flexibility the persons arms and legs
  will remain in place after being moved there

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Schizophrenia DisordersTypes of Schizophrenia

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Types of Schizophrenia
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Paranoid Schizophrenia

• Characterized by delusions, especially grandeur
  and persecution. Auditory and other
  hallucinations support the delusions.

A Beautiful Mind
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Catatonic Schizophrenia

• Characterized by variations in voluntary movement
• Catatonic excitement rapid movements with
  delusions and hallucinations
• Catatonic stupor little or no activity,
  movement, or speech (waxy flexibility)

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Disorganized Schizophrenia

• Characterized by bizarre behavior, delusions, and
  hallucinations.
• Very disturbed thought and language (word salad)

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Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

• Symptoms that dont clearly fit into one of the
  other types of schizophrenia but still show clear
  symptoms of schizophrenia

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Schizophrenia in the Real World

• Play Cop Psychiatrists (1030) Segment 32 from
  Scientific American Frontiers Video Collection
  for Introductory Psychology (2nd edition).

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Schizophrenia DisordersCauses

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Schizophrenia

• Play Schizophrenia Etiology (1445) Module 27
  from The Brain Teaching Modules (2nd edition).

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Biological Factors - Genetics

• Schizophrenia tends to run in families.
• Genetics appears to produce a predisposition
  (increased likelihood) to develop schizophrenia.

Genain Quadruplets
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Genetics and Schizophrenia
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Biological Factors Brain Structure

• Brain structure of those with schizophrenia is
  different than the normal brain
• Those with schizophrenia have smaller amounts of
  brain tissue and larger fluid filled spaces.
• The thalamus is smaller in those with
  schizophrenia.

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Biological Factors Brain Function

• The brain of those with schizophrenia operates
  differently than the normal brain.
• The frontal lobes show less activity.
• Those with schizophrenia have a larger number of
  receptor sites for the neurotransmitter dopamine.

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Biological Factors Brain Function
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Schizophrenia

• Insert The Schizophrenic Brain Video 29 from
  Worths Digital Media Archive for Psychology.
• Instructions for importing the video file can be
  found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.

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Biological Factors Prenatal Viruses

• A viral infection during the middle of pregnancy
  may increase schizophrenia risk.

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Psychological Factors

• Two main areas
• Stress
• Disturbed family
• Its unclear whether these are causes or
  consequences of schizophrenia.

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Personality Disorders

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Personality Disorders

• Psychological disorders characterized by rigid
  and lasting behavior patterns that disrupt social
  functioning
• Divided into three clusters
• Related to anxiety
• With odd and eccentric behaviors
• With dramatic or impulsive behaviors

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Personality Disorders
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Personality Disorders Related to Anxiety

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Avoidant Personality Disorder

• So sensitive about being rejected that personal
  relationships become difficult

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Dependent Personality Disorder

• Behave in clingy, submissive ways and displays a
  strong need to have others take care of them

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Personality Disorders with Odd or Eccentric
Behaviors

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Paranoid Personality Disorder

• Shows deep distrust of other people, which gets
  in the way of personal relationships
• Different than paranoid schizophrenia

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Schizoid Personality Disorder

• Is detached from social relationships
• Are true hermits, preferring life alone and
  avoiding intimate interactions at all costs

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Personality Disorders with Dramatic or Impulsive
Behaviors

• Module 31 Dissociative, Schizophrenia, and
  Personality Disorders

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Borderline Personality Disorder

• Exhibit instability of emotions, self-image,
  behavior, and relationships

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Antisocial Personality Disorder

• Personality disorder in which the person shows a
  lack of conscience for wrongdoing
• Shows no respects for the rights others
• Usually male
• Also known as psychopathic or sociopathic
  personality disorder

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The Antisocial Personality Disorder

• Insert The Mind of the Psychopath Video 30
  from Worths Digital Media Archive for
  Psychology.
• Instructions for importing the video file can be
  found in the Readme file on the CD-ROM.
• This video clip is also part of The Mind series
  segment.

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The Mind of the Psychopath

• Play The Mind of the Psychopath (1839) Segment
  35 from The Mind Psychology Teaching Modules
  (2nd edition).
• Parts of this video clip are included in the
  Worth Digital Media Archive CD-ROM.

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The End
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