Thinking About Psychology: The Science of Mind and Behavior

1
Thinking About Psychology The Science of Mind
and Behavior

• Charles T. Blair-Broeker
• Randal M. Ernst

2
Psychological Disorders

• Chapter 12

3
Introduction to Psychological Disorders

• Module 27

4
Defining Disorder

• Module 27 Introduction to Psychological
  Disorders

5
Psychological Disorder

• A harmful dysfunction in which behaviors are
  maladaptive, unjustifiable, disturbing, and
  atypical

6
Maladaptive

• An exaggeration of normal, acceptable behaviors
• Destructive to oneself or others

7
Unjustifiable

• A behavior which does not have a rational basis

8
Disturbing

• A behavior which is troublesome to other people

9
Atypical

• A behavior so different from other peoples
  behavior that it violates a norm
• Norms vary from culture to culture

10
MUDA

• A mnemonic device used to remember the four
  attributes of a psychological disorder
• Maladaptive
• Unjustifiable
• Disturbing
• Atypical

11
Understanding Disorders

• Module 27 Introduction to Psychological
  Disorders

12
Early Views of Mental Illness

• In ancient times, mental illness was usually
  explained through a supernatural model the
  person was possessed or a sinner
• During the Middle Ages treatment methods were
  inhumane and cruel

13
Philippe Pinel (1745-1826)

• French physician who worked to reform the
  treatment of people with mental disorders
• Encouraged more humane treatment

14
Understanding DisordersThe Medical Model

• Module 27 Introduction to Psychological
  Disorders

15
The Medical Model

• Diseases have physical causes that can be
  diagnosed, treated, and in most cases, cured.
• Psychological disorders can be diagnosed based on
  their symptoms and treated or cured through
  therapy.
• Psychological disorders are similar to a physical
  illness.

16
Understanding DisordersThe Bio-Psycho-Social
Model

• Module 27 Introduction to Psychological
  Disorders

17
Bio-Psycho-Social Model

• Perspective of mental illness which assumes that
  biological, psychological, and sociocultural
  factors combine and interact to produce
  psychological disorders

18
Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective
19
Classifying Disorders

• Module 27 Introduction to Psychological
  Disorders

20
DSM-IV-TR

• Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental
  Disorders Fourth Edition
• The text of the DSM-IV was recently revised,
  hence TR at the end
• Published by the American Psychiatric Association
• Lists and describes all the currently accepted
  categories of mental disorders

21
DSM-IV-TR

• Divides mental disorders into 17 major categories
• Includes the symptoms but not the causes of each
  disease
• Has changed significantly since the first edition

22
Labeling Disorders

• Module 27 Introduction to Psychological
  Disorders

23
Labeling Stigmas

• Studies show a clear bias against people
  diagnosed with mental disorders.

24
The End