Chapter 12: The World of Islam

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Chapter 12 The World of Islam

• Section 1 The Roots of Islam
• Section 2 Islamic Beliefs and Practices
• Section 3 Islamic Empires
• Section 4 Cultural Achievements

Pages 350-371
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Bell Work2/26Define the Following in Chapter 12

1. Muhammad
2. Islam
3. Muslim
4. Quran
5. Mosque
6. Five Pillars of Islam
7. Shia
8. Sunni
9. Minaret

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The Islamic World
Roots of Islam Islamic Beliefs Practices Islamic Empires Cultural Achievements

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The Roots of Islam

• The Big Idea
• In the harsh desert climate of Arabia, Muhammad,
  a merchant from Mecca, introduced a major world
  religion called Islam.
• Main Ideas
• Arabia is mostly a desert land, where two ways of
  life, nomadic and sedentary, developed.
• A new religion called Islam, founded by the
  prophet Muhammad, spread throughout Arabia in the
  600s.

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Saudi Arabia is called the Crossroads because
it lies near the intersection of Africa, Europe,
and Asia.
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Roots of IslamCharacteristics of Saudi Arabia

• Desert with Oases
• Limited water
• Sand dunes (800ft 100mi)
• Scorching Temperatures
• Hot dry air
• 100 degrees daily (summer)
• Sustaining life
• Nomads with herds
• Sedentary with farms
• Caravans and trade routes

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Roots of IslamFoundation of Islam

• Arabs
• Muhammad (story)
• Caravan
• 25 and 40
• Khadijah
• Islam and Muslim (AD 613)
• Mecca and Medina
• Mosque
• Kaaba (shrine)
• Allah

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Islamic Beliefs and Practices

• The Big Idea
• Sacred texts called the Quran and the Sunnah
  guide Muslims in their religion, daily life, and
  laws.
• Main Ideas
• The Quran guides Muslims lives.
• The Sunnah tells Muslims of important duties
  expected of them.
• Islamic law is based on the Quran and the Sunnah.

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The Five Pillars of IslamP. 360
Islamic Beliefs and Practices

1. The Quran (messages and jihad) page 359
   guides for behavior
2. The Sunnah (duties way of life)
3. Shariah (law)

1. Saying There is no god but God, and Muhammad is
   his prophet
2. Praying five times a day
3. Giving to the poor and needy
4. Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
5. Traveling to Mecca at least once on a hajj

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WomenFewer Rights Than Men
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Islamic Empires

• The Big Idea
• After the early spread of Islam, three large
  Islamic empires formedthe Ottoman, Safavid, and
  Mughal.
• Main Ideas
• Muslim armies conquered many lands into which
  Islam slowly spread.
• Trade helped Islam spread into new areas.
• Three Muslim empires controlled much of Europe,
  Asia, and Africa from the 1400s to the 1800s.

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Islamic Empires

• Caliph
• Abu Baker
• Empires (Europe, Asia, and Africa)
• Ottoman Empire
• Suleyman I
• Byzantine Empire
• Safavid Empire
• Shia and Sunni Split
• Shah
• Mughal Empire India
• Taj Mahal

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Cultural Achievements

• The Big Idea
• Muslim scholars and artists made important
  contributions to science, art, and literature.
• Main Ideas
• Muslim scholars made lasting contributions to the
  fields of science and philosophy.
• In literature and the arts, Muslim achievements
  included beautiful poetry, memorable short
  stories, and splendid architecture.

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Cultural Achievements

• Astronomy, geography, math, and science
• Writings translated into Arabic
• Muslim Mathematician Invented Algebra
• Improved maps
• Philosophy-Sufism
• Added to Greek and Indian medicine

• School of Pharmacy
• Smallpox (detect and treat)
• Medical Encyclopedia
• The Thousand and One Nights (poetry)
• Minaret
• Architecture
• Calligraphy and Patterns
• no humans or animals in religious art

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Islamic Examples

• Arabic Writing
• Prayer Rug
• Prayer Necklace
• Headgear

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The Islamic World
Roots of Islam Islamic Beliefs Practices Islamic Empires Cultural Achievements

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