Network IQ Training Manual Chapter 2 - Fibre Optic Cable Types and Manufacturing

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Network IQ Training ManualChapter 2 - Fibre
Optic Cable Types and Manufacturing
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Fibre Optic Cable Types and Manufacturing

• Loose Tube Cable (Indoor Outdoor)
• Tight-Buffered Cable (Indoor Outdoor)
• Applications

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Loose Tube Cable Fibre Buffer Colouring

• Colour code is according to
• EIA/TIA-598-A, also referred to as Telcordia
  colour code

Fibre No. Fibre coat Colour
1 BLUE BL
2 ORANGE OR
3 GREEN GR
4 BROWN BR
5 SLATE SL
6 WHITE WH
7 RED RD
8 BLACK BK
9 YELLOW YL
10 VIOLET VI
11 ROSE RS
12 AQUA AQ
Cables gt 12 fibres have the same colour code with
stripes
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More Colour Coding Standards
Colour Code ISO
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Colour
Colour Code IEC 60794-2
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Colour
Colour Code DIN VDE 0888
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Colour
Colour Code Swisscom
No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Colour
For identification of more than twelve fibers is
a ring mark. The colours of the fibers are
repeated
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Fibre optic cable type code acc. DIN VDE 0816
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Cable Codes Corning
Example of Fiber description E9/125
0.36F3,5 0,22H18 E9 Single mode fiber
9µ glass core diameter 125µ Cladding
diameter 0,36 / 0,22 Attenuation
(db/km) F At wavelength 1300 nm
H At wavelength 1550nm 3,5 / 18
Dispersions parameter at 1300nm Remark cabled
parameters. Values on fibre data sheet are better
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Loose Tube Cable Fibre Buffering (up to 24 fibre)
Gel-filled Buffer tube
Optical Fibre
Filling Compound
Gel-free Buffer tube
Dry tube
Optical Fibre
Swellable yarns
Fibre bundle is a group of Optical fibres in 1
loose tube
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Stranded Loose Tube Cable Fibre Buffering
Side view of the loose tubes
After Manufacturing
Buffer Tube Contraction
Buffer Tube Expansion
Cross-section view of the loose tubes
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Stranded Loose Tube Cable Stranding

• Central Member
• Anti-Buckling
• Steel or Dielectric

Buffer Tubes with Fibres
Central Member
PE Sheet

• Advantages
• SZ Stranding provides more flexibility
• Allows easy midspan access
• Reduce the turn effects under pulling force

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Stranded Loose Tube Cable Jacketing
Dry Waterblocking Material
Buffer Tubes with Fibres

• Tensile Strength Elements
• Main Load Bearer
• Aramid and/or
• Fibre glass Yarns

Central Member

• Jacket
• PE
• FRNC
• Core Protection
• Chemical
• Resistance
• Abrasion
• Resistance

Strength Elements
Dry Waterblocking Material
Jacket

• Armouring
• Corrugated Steel Tape
• Glass Yarn Armouring

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Central Tube Cable
Central tube Ø 3.0mm up to 12
or 5.0mm up to 24 fibres,
Gel free buffer tubes optional
Dry Waterblocking Material
Rodent protection by glass yarn armour,
metal-free

• Tensile Strength Elements
• Main Load Bearer
• Aramid and/or
• Fibre glass Yarns

Swellable tape
Jacket, PE
Rip cord

• Jacket
• PE
• FRNC
• Core Protection
• Chemical
• Resistance
• Abrasion
• Resistance

• Armouring
• Corrugated Steel Tape
• Glass Yarn Armouring

• Advantages
• High flexibility
• Low weight and fire rate

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MPC - Multi Purpose Cable

• For Indoor and Outdoor Installations
• Halogen free Flame retardent cable
  construction
• Small and light weight design
• Various cable designs for different
  applications
• Rodent protection
• UV resistant
• Swellable elements for improved water
  penetration
• and faster installation
• Dry cable core
• Gel-free

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Cable Applications
Loose Tube
Dielectric
Greater than 50 Feet
Armoured MPC
Duct Bank
Dielectric
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Tight Buffered Cable Buffering
Coating Versions TB Easy Strip, FRNC, 1.5m
strip length, used in pigtails TB3 Standard,
FRNC, 10cm strip length, used in jumpers, i-MIC
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12-Fibre MIC Multifibre Indoor Cable
Fibre

• FRNC or PVC Sheath
• 2-24 Fibre

Tight Buffer
Coated Central Member
Strength Elements
Outer Jacket
Fibre Cable Jacket Colouring Indoor

• Aqua - OM3, OM4
• Orange - OM1, OM2
• Yellow - OS1, OS2

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Multi-Fibre Cable MPC Cable (TB3) (up to 24
fibre)
A-VQ (BN) H In-/Outdoor Cable
Tight Buffered Fibre
Glass yarn armour
LSZH Inner jacket
Rip cord
Swellable elements (water blocking)
Strength elements/aramid yarn
LSZH Outerjacket
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1-Fibre, 2-Fibre Basic Cable Unit
Thermoplastic Buffer

• Used in standard patch cords
• Simplex Available in
• 2.0mm
• 2.8mm
• Duplex Available in
• 2x1.8mm (700?m coating)
• 2x2.0mm
• 2x2.8mm

Fibre
Kevlar
Outer Jacket
Simplex Cable
Duplex Cable (Zipcord)
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Break out Cable
1-Fibre Basic Unit
Dielectric Central Member
FRNC Overcoat
FRNC Jacket
Ripcord
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Cable Applications
Tight Buffered Cables
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Flame Retardant Cables European Flame and Smoke
Tests
IEC-Standard Test name IEC 60332 Tests on
electric and optical fibre cables under fire
conditions IEC 60332-1 Test for vertical flame
propagation for a single insulated wire or cable
IEC 60332-2 Test for vertical flame propagation
for a single small insulated wire or cable IEC
60332-3 Test for vertical flame spread of
vertically-mounted bunched wires or cables IEC
61034 Measurement of smoke density of cables
burning under defined conditions IEC
60754-1 Test on gases evolved during combustion
of materials from cables - Part 1 Determination
of the amount of halogen acid gas IEC 60754-2
Test on gases evolved during combustion of
electric cables - Part 2 Determination of degree
of acidity of gases evolved during the combustion
of materials taken from electric cables by
measuring pH and conductivity
FR
LS
0H or ZH
NC
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Mechanical Characteristics of Fibre Optic Cable

• Force Mass x Acceleration
• N Kg x 9.81m/sec2
  Reference 1 pound 4.45N
• Tensile Strength (IEC 60794-1-2-E1)
• FO cable is pulled by a tensile force measured in
  Newton
• Ex 2700 N
• Crush Resistance (IEC 60794-1-2-E3)
• FO Cable is tested using a plate which applies a
  crushing load measured in Newton
• Ex 3000 N/10cm (linear)
• Bending Radius (IEC 60794-1-2-E11 A)
• FO Cable is bent to meet its specified bending
  radius
• Ex Generally, 15xOD during installation and 10x
  OD during operation
• OD outer diameter of cable, non-armoured cable
• Requirement
• Mechanical Tests are conducted for 1 minute or
  more
• No fibre break or Attenuation more than 0.05 db

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Cont. mechanical characteristics of FO-Cable
Bending Radius Test
Tensile Test
Crush Resistance Test
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Environmental Characteristics of FO Cable

• Water Penetration (IEC 60794-1-2-F5)
• FO cable prevents water from penetrating inside
  the cable and inside the loose tubes
• Temperature Cycle (IEC 60794-1-2-F1)
• FO Cable can be exposed to low temperature or
  high temperature without any material deformation
  or high attenuation more than 0.05 db
• Ex -40C to 70C

Requirement
Heat Chamber -40C to 70C Dwell time 6
hour Measurement at 1310 nm 1550 nm Max Att.
0.1 db/km
3 meter sample Water height 1 meter 24 hours No
water penetrate to the sealed side of the cable
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Cable Summary

• Two main design options for fibre cables
• Loose Tube (250um coated fibres)
• Tight Buffered (900um coated fibres)
• Loose Tube typically outdoor application
• Loose tube isolates fibre from external strain
• 250um easy to splice
• Use fan out tube if direct termination with
  connectors
• Tight buffered cables typically indoor
  application
• 900um allows direct termination with connectors
• Telcordia colour scheme is standard Corning code
  others available