Land Plants vs. Aquatic Plants

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Land Plants vs. Aquatic Plants
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Land Plants

• Vascular
• They have veins that transport nutrients
  between leaves, roots, stems
• The veins are actually vascular tissue called
  xylem and phloem

Veins that carry water/nutrients
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• Xylem carries water from roots to other parts of
  the plant
• Phloem carries sugar and nutrients from leaves
  to the rest of the plant
• Why would sugar come from leaves?
• Photosynthesis takes place mostly in leaves
• (Photosynthesis uses sun and CO2 to make sugar
  and O2)

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carbon dioxide
water
sugar
oxygen
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Parts of a Plant
leaf
fruit
flower
seed
stem
roots
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Leaves

• Main photosynthetic organ (why?)
• Collects the most sunlight

cuticle
upper epidermis
palisade cells
lignin
xylem
phloem
lower epidermis
spongy cells
guard cell
stoma
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Flowers/Fruits/Seeds

• reproductive organs
• flower petals are modified leaves that attract
  pollinators
• hold seeds
• dispersed to help the plant grow in new places

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Stem/Roots

• the stem holds up and support the plant it also
  has vascular bundles of xylem and phloem
• roots anchor the plant in the ground and absorb
  water and nutrients from the ground

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• What is the most important thing for a plant?
• Where would be the best place in the ocean for
  plants and other photosynthetic organisms to be?

light
near the surface
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Zones

• Because light is so important to life, the ocean
  is separated in zones based on the amount of
  light that penetrates to that depth
• photic means light
• eu means good
• dis means poor
• a means no

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Aquatic Plants

• What do you think are some advantages and
  disadvantages to living in or near freshwater and
  saltwater?

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Seagrasses

• evolved from land plants
• horizontal stems called rhizomes
• very small flowers because
• they dont need to attract pollinators
• why not?

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Salt Marsh

• A salt marsh is an area that is partially flooded
  at high tide

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Salt-Marsh Plants

• Cordgrasses (halophytes- salt tolerant plants)
• actually in grass family unlike seagrasses
• not marine just tolerant of salt
• help protect areas from erosion
• provide habitat and breedinggrounds
• only get covered by salt water at high tides
• salt glands in leaves excrete salt

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salt excreting from leaves
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Mangroves

• trees and shrubs that live on shores
• land plants tolerant of salt
• create mangrove forests

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• thick leaves to reduce water loss also excrete
  salt

• seeds grow for a little while on parent then drop
  into the sediment below

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Pneumatophores

• specialized root extensions to help mangroves get
  extra oxygen because the mud they grow in doesnt
  have enough

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• mangrove roots beneath water provide shelter for
  many types of organisms