Renewable Energy Resources Connection aspects, related studies and international code amendment practice

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Renewable Energy ResourcesConnection aspects,
related studies and international code amendment
practice
Eng. Khaled .H. Al-Walidi Electric
Interconnection Expert National Electric Power
Co. (NEPCO)
Eng. Issa .I. Sleehat Transmission Planning
Engineer/ System Planning dep. National Electric
Power Co. (NEPCO)
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INTRUDUCTION

• As the energy industry moves forward, the use and
  research into renewable energy resources (RERs)
  have expanded significantly. Whether it is wind,
  biomass, or solar, the industry is seeking ways
  to connect, breakthrough and integrate the newest
  technologies into their power systems.

• As the fuel price and environmental concerns
  grow, these generation technologies have proven
  to be an efficient and fiscally sound
  alternatives for the energy industry.

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INTRUDUCTION
connection of (RERs G) capacity can have a
serious effect on the system reliability and
power quality. This is caused by the complicated
control problem that is introduced onto the
system due to a two-source, one-load situation.
Moreover, reliability and faults from other parts
of the grid, far from the RERs G site can result
to operating problems for the RERs G unit. .
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Master Strategy of Energy Sector in JordanIn
renewable energy domain
Energy sector strategy has provided for reaching
a contribution percentage for renewable energy in
total energy mix of about 7 by the year 2015 and
10 by the year 2020 .

• Wind 500 MW up to year 2015.
• 1200 MW up to year 2020.
• Solar 600 MW up to year 2020.
• Bio (20-50) MW up to year 2020.

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Planned Wind Power Generation Capacity
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Master Strategy of Energy Sector in JordanIn
renewable energy domain

• Projects under implementation
• wind project in Kamsha (30-40) MW (negotiation).
• wind project in Fujaij (grant submitted by GEF)
  70-100 MW (bidding)
• 1 MW solar project (Spanish grant).
• Maan solar project 100 MW (feasibility study
  phase)
• Haraneh solar project 20 MW (BOO) (under
  evaluation)

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Master Strategy of Energy Sector in JordanIn
renewable energy domain

• Complete the studies necessary for the thermal
  solar energy projects (300-600) MW.
• Expand in the use of the solar cells systems to
  lighting remote areas and in domestic, industrial
  and commercial uses and electricity generation.
• Carry out electricity generation project from the
  municipal wastes in coordination with GAM and
  concerned bodies.
• Focus search and study on the biogas fuel
  (Brazilian experience) to be used in covering
  industrial needs and transport sector.

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Master Strategy of Energy Sector in JordanIn
renewable energy domain

• Create a fund to aid renewable energy projects
  (and energy rationalization) so that resources of
  the fund are through
• Treasury allocations.
• Environment fund (CDM).
• Amounts from Jordan country project fund and
  within available potential.
• External aids from donors (French agency, German
  construction bank, Japanese agencyetc).
• GEF through World Bank.
• Any other sources that can be proposed.

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INTERCONNECTION ASPECTS
The connection of these generation capacities on
the national networks (Distribution
transmission) has gained significant attention in
the past few years as energy industries is
seeking for feasible ,effective solutions and
public relations regulation acts that define the
rights and responsibilities of all parties .
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INTERCONNECTION ASPECTS

• Standard interconnection rules needed for-
• Encourage the application by reducing
  uncertainty.
• establish clear and uniform processes and
  requirements for connecting to the electric
  utility grid
• ensure that the project interconnection meets the
  safety and reliability needs of both the energy
  end-user and the utility.
• ensure that the costs of interconnection are the
  same throughout the country.

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INTERCONNECTION ASPECTS
Standard interconnection rules address the
application process and the technical
requirements for interconnecting RERs projects of
a specified type and size with the electric grid
.
Include some or all parts of the interconnection
process, starting from when a potential customer
considers submitting an application up to the
time when the interconnection agreement is
finalized.
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Applicant submits completed application form
NO
YES
Request complete
Request complete
NO
YES
Study Process
RERs G unit lt 2 MW?
NO
YES
Apply the screens for Fast Track
Customer agrees to pay for any needed upgrades?
NO
Project passes the fast track screens
YES
NO
YES
Withdraw interconnection request
Sign interconnection agreement
YES
Construction, commissioning and testing operation
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RER G lt 2 MW, meets key codes and standards,
meets certification of small generation equipment
package
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
Addition of RER G shall not allow generation on
circuit to exceed 15 of the line section annual
peak load
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
Fast Track Screening Process
YES
RER G project, along with other generation on
circuit, shall not contribute more than 10 to
the maximum fault current
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
Addition of the DG project shall not cause any
protective devices to exceed 87.5 of the short
circuit interrupting Capability
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
NO
YES
Sign interconnection agreement
Go to Study Process
YES
Construction, commissioning and testing operation
NO
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TSP/DSP Customer Meeting
STUDY PROCESS
Minimum engineering review
Study required
System upgrade required
Facilities study upgrade substantial?
System impact study
No study required
Yes
No
Project not feasible
Upgrade contract
Project rejected
Upgrade system
No system upgrade required
Project approved
Execute Interconnection Agreement
Install system, certificate of completion,
inspection, commissioning test
Parallel operation
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Tech. Concerns with Integrating Renewables

• Penetration
• Affected by utilities' existing generation mix
  regulating capabilities, load characteristics,
  resource availability, and correlations between
  system load and resources.
• Additional systems costs imposed by variability
  and uncertainty may go up with increasing
  penetration.
• Costs are moderate up to 20-30 Penetration
  and depend on balancing authority and market
  structure

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Tech. Concerns with Integrating Renewables

• Infrastructure Capacity
• Lack of transmission capacity from stranded
  renewable resources locations.

• Variable and uncertain generation
• Solved by
• Spatial diversity of the resource.
• Flexible conventional generation.
• Grid operations and control areas.
• Limited curtailment for extreme events
• And at high penetrations possibly storage

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Lack of transmission capacity
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INTERC. Standards and Certification Criteria
IEEE 1547 Series Standard for Interconnecting
Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
(including use of IEEE 1547.1 testing protocols
to establish conformity) .
IEEE1547.1 Standard Conformance Test Procedures
for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power Systems.
IEEE P1547.2 Draft Application Guide for IEEE
1547 Standard for Interconnecting Distributed
Resources with Electric Power Systems.
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INTERC. Standards and Certification Criteria
IEEE 1547.3 Guide For Monitoring, Information
Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources
Interconnected with Electric Power Systems.
IEEE 1547.4 Draft Guide for Design, Operation,
and Integration of Distributed Resource Island
Systems with Electric Power Systems.
IEEE 1547.5 Draft Technical Guidelines for
Interconnection of Electric Power Sources Greater
than 10MVA to the Power Transmission Grid 
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INTERC. Standards and Certification Criteria
IEEE1547.6 Draft Recommended Practice For
Interconnecting Distributed Resources With
Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary
Networks
National Electrical Codes
UL 1741 for equipment certification such as
Inverters, Converters, and Controllers for Use in
Independent Power Systems
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GRID CODES
Grid Codes are designed to cover all technical
aspects relating to the connection, operation and
use of the transmission system. but the existing
grid code requirements may be impossible or
irrelevant with respect to the physical aspects
and technical capabilities of these generation
plants . Many countries are now expending
substantial efforts and resources to update their
grid codes (in addition to the standard periodic
review and revision process) to incorporate
realistic and practical (both technically and
economically) provisions for RER generation
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GRID CODES

• Current versions of grid codes and connection
  requirement documents contain detailed
  specifications on aspects including, but not
  limited to, the following-
• Operational control (start-up, shut-down, power
  ramp rates)
• Power cap constraints/curtailment
• Voltage and frequency operating ranges
• Frequency regulation
• Reserve
• Reactive power capability and voltage control
• Fault ride through
• Protection

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RECOMMENDATIONS

• Recommendations for reducing the obstacles for
  RERs generators embedded in the interconnection
  process fall into two categories-
• Modifications to interconnection policies and
  procedures, which would reduce frustrations
  experienced by generators awaiting
  interconnection and
• Modifications to transmission planning processes,
  which would make critical interconnection
  information available to potential generators
  ahead of time, enabling preliminary analysis to
  be completed prior to beginning the
  interconnection process.

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• THANK YOU