List_preview

1
List_preview
Preview
?. Objectives
?. Suggested Teaching Plan
?. Background Information
?. Class Presentation
2
preview
Preview
In this unit, you are going to learn about
running and walking and what benefits you can get
from each exercise. In the Listening and Speaking
section, you will learn how to express personal
interests and state likes and dislikes. In the
Reading and Writing section, two basic skills
needed for running are discussed in Text A Text
B describes what exercise can do for us and,
while most people believe that running is a
better exercise than walking, Text C offers a
quite different view.
3
objective
?. Objectives
After studying this unit, the students are
expected to be able to

• master the basic language and skills to express
  personal interests and
• state likes and dislikes
• 2. understand the main idea of Texts A, B and
  C, and master the useful
• sentence structures, words and expressions
  found in the relevant
• exercises of the first two texts
• 3. know how to use the present perfect and the
  past perfect
• 4. know how to write a business card in English
• 5. understand the signal words in an English
  passage (2).

4
ST1
?. Suggested Teaching Plan
Suggested Time and Teaching Plan for Unit 4


Plan
Contents
Time
2 periods
Preview
The teacher explains the Preview to make sure
that the students have some idea of what the
present unit is about. After that, the teacher
activates the Listening and Speaking exercises as
follows
5
ST2


Time
Plan
Contents
Listening and Speaking
1) Expressing Personal Interests

• Do a warm-up activity by asking
• students to express their personal
  interests
• B. Solicit the language for personal interests
  and present it on the chalkboard during the class
  
• interaction before listening
• C. Listen to Exercise 1(1-3 times) and fill in
  the blanks with the missing words

6
ST3


Time
Plan
Contents
D. Ask two students to read aloud the short
talks to check their written responses E.
Ask other students to express their personal
interests using the structures given in
Exercise 2.
2) Stating Likes and Dislikes

• Go through the new words in the
• 1st dialogue in Exercise 3

7
ST4


Time
Plan
Contents
B. Listen to the dialogue twice and fill in
the blanks with the missing words C. Work with
the question and answer exercises
creatively D. Look for the language used to
state likes and dislikes E. Act out the
dialogue F. Either do the same with the 2nd
dialogue or be flexible with it G. Study the
structures presented in Exercise 4, and
create situations for the dialogues in
which students can state likes and
dislikes.
8
ST5


Time
Plan
Contents
3) Listening Practice
Before ending class, the teacher tells the
students how to do Exercises 5-10 as their
assignment. The teacher also tells the students
that they should be prepared to answer the
questions in Exercise 9 and give an oral
presentation when they next come to class.
9
ST6


Time
Plan
Contents
The teacher begins with the assignment mainly to
review the functional and notional language the
students acquired in the previous unit. The
teacher asks some students to answer the
questions in Exercise 9 of the Listening and
Speaking section and invites a few to give an
oral class presentation, telling their classmates
of their likes and dislikes. Then, the teacher
turns to the Reading and Writing section. (These
activities should be completed within 20 minutes.)
3 periods
Review of the listening and speaking skills the
students have learned
10
ST7


Time
Plan
Contents
1) Starter
Text A text-related exercises

• After a brief explanation of the instructions,
  the teacher
• organizes group discussion among
• the students to list the benefits of
  running and other physical exercise (10 minutes)
  
• B. asks the students
• a) to report their discussion. If the students
  have difficulty doing this, the teacher should
  give them the information about the benefits of

11
ST8


Time
Plan
Contents
physical exercise provided in the
following Part III Background Information
b) to complete Exercise 1 in Starter. (15
minutes)
2) Text A
The teacher

1. lets the students answer the text-?related
   questions, helps them identify the main idea of
   each paragraph and analyzes some difficult
   sentences and language

12
ST9


Time
Plan
Contents
points while discussing the whole
text with them. (one and a half periods) B.
guides the students through the exercises,
focusing on certain items or leaving some
exercises as the students homework,
according to the students different levels
of English. (one period)
13
ST10


Time
Plan
Contents
1 period
1) Grammar Review
Grammar Review
The teacher talks about the Present Perfect and
the Past Perfect, and especially emphasizes the
difference between the Past Tense and the Present
Perfect Tense then he/she asks the students to
do the grammar exercises in class.
14
ST11


Time
Plan
Contents
Practical Writing
2) Practical Writing
The teacher tells as well as shows the students
how to write a business card in English by doing
Exercise 11, and then requires the students to
complete the form in Exercise 12 in class with
his/her help.
15
ST12


Time
Plan
Contents
2 period
1) Text B
Text B, Text C text-related exercises,
While discussing the text with the students, the
teacher introduces briefly the concept of the
topic sentence, and asks the students to identify
the signal words in the text and do Exercise 13.
The rest of the exercises for Text B can be done
either in or after class.
16
ST13


Time
Plan
Contents
2) Text C
This text should be read as homework by the
students themselves or done as fast reading in
class, depending on the time left.
3) Basic Reading Skills
Basic Reading Skills
The teacher tells the students how to identify
and use adversative words in an English article,
and what their functions are, and then invites
the students to find out the signal words in Text
A.
17
BI
?. Background Information
Running
Physical Fitness
Benefits of Exercise
Calories Burned During Exercise
18
BI_running1
Running
Running has been around as long as humans
have, but it did not become a popular activity
for the masses until the 1970s. American
physician Kenneth Coopers book Aerobics (1968)
is considered one of the first inspirations for
this growth. The book demonstrated the
considerable health gains that could be derived
from regular workouts that emphasized
cardiovascular fitness. Other people credit
American Frank Shorter and his gold medal in the
marathon at the 1972 Olympics with sparking a
surge of interest in running. In the years
following his win, a number of books and
periodicals devoted to running emerged. Today
running is firmly established as both a
recreational pursuit and a training tool it is
practiced by millions of people to get in shape,
stay fit, and have fun. There are many
different kinds of runners, from casual joggers
to regular race runners to ultra marathoners who
run 100 miles at a time. Each runner should have
a specific training regimen tailored to the
individuals goals and abilities.
19
BI_running2
Running
A good schedule for a beginner is to run
20 minutes at a time, every other day.
Occasionally, additional time off is needed
because of illness or injury. Depending on the
length of the break, it is often advisable to
work back into a regular workout gradually,
rather than jumping back into the normal routine
immediately. In the short term, there are
techniques that can help a runner perform better.
Mixing in higher speed workouts is one strategy,
but this can lead to injury unless the individual
builds up to them gradually. Hill and trail
running builds strength, and weightlifting can
also help. Massage and whirlpools can help
muscles recover faster between workouts. A
healthy diet is also beneficial. Some distance
runners find that eating foods high in
carbohydrates (such as pasta) in the days before
a big race provides their bodies with more fuel.
20
BI_running3
Running
Many runners will at some point want to
enter a race, to push themselves and to perhaps
see how they compare with other runners at their
age and experience level. Many areas have a
variety of local 5-or 10-km (3.1mi or 6.2mi) road
runs. To finish a 5-kilometer (or 5K) race, the
runner should be able to run up to 30 minutes at
a time in training.
21
BI_Physcial fitness
Physical Fitness
Physical fitness is the ability of the
human body to function with vigor and alertness,
without undue fatigue, and with ample energy to
engage in leisure activities, and to meet
physical stresses. The level of physical
fitness can be influenced by regular, systematic
exercise. Exercises that demand total body
involvement improve and maintain fitness most
effectively-for example, jogging, running,
swimming, vigorous dancing, cycling, and brisk
walking. Normal, healthy individuals may plan
their own exercise programs. The general rule is
to exercise only until discomfort is
experienced-that is, until breathing becomes
labored, circulation seems inadequate, or fatigue
influences performance. People with health
problems caused by heart attacks, strokes, and
illness should see a physician before devising an
exercise program. Proper nutrition is also
important to physical fitness, because energy
expenditure depends on nutrition. If diet is
inadequate, the fitness level will drop.
22
BI_Benefits of Exercise1
Benefits of Exercise
The benefits of exercise are far reaching.
Studies have demonstrated that regular aerobic
exercise reduces the risk of death due to heart
disease and stroke, aids in reducing weight,
helps prevent diabetes mellitus, strengthens
bones, and enhances immune function. The
psychological benefits are also broad, and most
studies suggest a positive relationship between
physical fitness and mental achievement.
The relationship between regular aerobic exercise
and cardiovascular health and longevity is well
established. Regular exercise leads to a
reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease,
in which fatty deposits (plaque) form in blood
vessels supplying the muscular wall of the heart,
compromising oxygen delivery to the heart muscle.
In addition, with regular exercise the efficiency
of the heart during exercise is increased.
Many people exercise to lose weight. A calorie is
a unit that measures the energy content of foods
and the energy expenditure by the body. When the
23
BI_Benefits of Exercise2
daily calorie intake from food is the same as
calories expended from exercise, weight remains
the same. The number of calories burned during
exercise varies greatly with the type of physical
activity, but the key to successful weight
reduction is to exercise regularly, without
increasing food intake proportionally.
One area of controversy has been how much
exercise is enough to improve general health,
reduce the risk of heart disease, and increase
longevity. Meaningful studies on this topic are
very difficult to perform because they require
large populations of subjects and many years of
data collection, and because poor health
sometimes results in limitations to physical
activity. Despite these difficulties, it is clear
that regular exercise, along with a generally
healthy lifestyle, is beneficial. People who have
sedentary lifestyles make up half the population
of industrialized societies, and this group has
the most to gain by exercising.
24
BI_Calories Burned During Exercise1
Calories Burned During Exercise
The table below shows calories burned per
hour for different activities. The amount of
calories used during physical activity depends on
a persons body mass and the intensity of the
activity.
25
BI_Calories Burned During Exercise2
Calories Burned During Exercise
26
Class Presentation
?. Class Presentation
Listening Speaking
Reading Writing
27
Listening Speaking
Listening Speaking
Expressing Personal Interests
Expressing Likes and Dislikes
Listening Practice
28
Expressing Personal Interests1.1
Expressing Personal Interests
You are going to listen to two students talking
about their personal interests. Listen carefully
and fill in the blanks with the missing words.
1.
Wang Ying You know what I like? I like music. It
can make me
. It can make me
. It can also
make me .
Wherever I go, Ill take
music . I listen
to it while walking, riding on the bus,
even while reading somewhere.
Music is
in the
world.
____________
feel happy
____________
feel excited
____________
feel sad
__________
with me
the most beautiful language
________________________
29
Expressing Personal Interests1.2
Li Ming Oh, I love outdoor(??) sports. I
in the
suburbs(??) on weekends. I often run alone. Im
nature while
running. I can . I can
. And I can
. I am crazy(???) about nature.
Outdoor sports make me
nature.
____________
enjoy running
________
close to
__________
hear nature
___________
watch nature
___________
feel nature
_________
part of
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Expressing Personal Interests2
2.
Now you can tell your classmates about your
personal interests using the structures given
below.
1. I like 2. I love 3. I enjoy DOING 4. Im
fond of 5. Im crazy about 6. Im into
31
Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.1
Expressing Likes and Dislikes
3.

1. Before you listen to the first conversation, read
   the following words and expressions which may be
   new to you.

feel like sth. ????
get ones mind off work ????
take it easy ????
do sb. good ??????
give it a try ????
Walkman ???
32
Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.2
Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the
blanks with the missing words.
Li Ming I feel like a really good run this
weekend. Itll get my mind off
work. How ?
__________
about you
Wang Ying Well, I think Ill take it easy. Ill
to get
some information.
___________
go online
Li Ming Come on. You need physical
exercise. You need fresh air.
Itll .
do you good
_____________
33
Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.3
Wang Ying I running.
Its boring.
___________
cant stand
_______
love it
Li Ming Oh yeah? But I when I
run in the suburbs. Im sure you
will.
___________
give it a try
Wang Ying I dont think Ill
.
Li Ming Oh, yes, you can take your Walkman with
you.
while you are running.
Enjoy the music
_____________
Wang Ying Good idea. Ill .
join you
_______
Li Ming Good. See you then.
Wang Ying See you.
34
Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.5
Now listen to the conversation again and answer
the following questions.
1.What is Li Ming doing this weekend?
Hes doing some running this weekend.
2.What is Wang Ying planning to do this weekend?
Shes planning to go online for information this
weekend.
3.What does Li Ming ask Wang Ying to do?
He asks her to do physical exercise for health.
4.What does Wang Ying think of running?
Its boring.
5.Do you think Wang Ying is going to run with Li
Ming this weekend? Why or why not?
I think so, because shell listen to her walkman
while running with him.
35
Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.6
2) Before you listen to the second conversation,
read the following words and expressions
which may be new to you.
36
Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.7
Listen to the conversation twice and fill in the
blanks with the missing words.
Li Ming What do you think of the movie?
Wang Ying That ! But I cant
stand it when during
a movie.
_________
was great
_____________
someone talks
Li Ming I feel the same way. You know, I
cant stand it when
.
_____________
people are late
Wang Ying Youre talking ,
right?
_________
about me
Li Ming Well.
Wang Ying Its OK. I when
people are direct.
_______
like it
Li Ming You want a ?
_____
drink
Wang Ying Yes, please.
37
Expressing Likes and Dislikes3.8
Now listen to the conversation again and answer
the following questions.
1.Where have Wang Ying and Li Ming been?
Theyve been to the movies.
2.How was the movie?
It was great.
3.What does Wang Ying dislike?
She can't stand it when someone talks during a
movie.
4.What does Li Ming dislike?
He hates it when people are late.
5.Who do you think is direct?
Li Ming.
38
Expressing Likes and Dislikes4
Make a dialogue in class, asking for personal
interests and expressing your likes and dislikes.
Try to use the structures given below.
4.
1. Do you take much interest in? 2. Are you
interested in? 1. I like it when people. 2.
It makes me happy when a friend/someone. 3.
I cant stand it when people. 4. It really
bothers(??) me when someone/ a person.
39
Listening Practice5.1
Listening Practice
Listen to people speaking and decide what they
are talking about.
5.
1.
A) A job.
A) A job.
B) A vacation(??).
C) A newspaper.
D) A movie.
40
Listening Practice5.2
2.
A) Music.
B) Weather.
C) Food.
D) Flowers.
41
Listening Practice5.3
3.
A) Classmates.
B) Homework.
B) Homework.
C) Housework.
D) Parents.
42
Listening Practice5.4
4.
A) Making a plan
B) Going to the movies.
C) Doing homework.
D) Watching TV.
D) Watching TV.
43
Listening Practice5.5
5.
A) Music.
A) Music.
B) Love.
C) People.
D) Friends.
44
Listening Practice6.1
Listen to five questions and choose the
appropriate answers.
6.
1.
Im going out of town.
A) Here we are.
B) There you go.
C) Oh, where are you going?
C) Oh, where are you going?
D) Oh, where have you been?
45
Listening Practice6.2
2.
O.K. When do you need the books?
A) Yes, I know.
B) No problem.
C) Yes, thats fine.
D) As soon as possible.
D) As soon as possible.
46
Listening Practice6.3
3.
What are the people like?
A) They like stories.
B) They hate money.
C) They are students.
D) They are friendly(??).
47
Listening Practice6.4
4.
Why? Whats wrong with the sweater?
A) Huh? Why not?
B) Well, its the wrong size.
B) Well, its the wrong size.
C) Are you sure? Let me see.
D) Thats O.K. Dont worry about it.
48
Listening Practice6.5
5.
Im so bored.
A) Well, do something.
A) Well, do something.
B) No, I dont mind.
C) Of course I do.
D) Oh, yes, it is.
49
Listening Practice7.1
Listen to five short dialogues and choose the
appropriate answers.
7.
1.
W But you cant go! The partys just beginning!
M Im sorry, but I really have to. Q What can
we learn from the dialogue?
A) The man is leaving.
A) The man is leaving.
B) The man is arriving late.
C) The woman is coming soon.
D) The woman is late for the party.
50
Listening Practice7.2
2.
M So can I ask you a few questions about
yourself? W No problem. I like it when people
are direct. Q What does the woman like?
A) Being rich.
B) Being direct.
B) Being direct.
C) Being friendly.
D) Being wonderful.
51
Listening Practice7.3
3.
M Its ?90! Thats expensive. W Hey, let me
get it for you. Its your birthday present. Q
What are they doing now?
A) Shopping.
A) Shopping.
B) Watching TV.
C) Having a party.
D) Moving around.
52
Listening Practice7.4
4.
W Do women usually work after they get married
in your country? M No, a lot of women stay home
and take care of their families. Some
work. Q Do women work after they get married
in the mans country?
A) Few do.
B) Some do.
B) Some do.
C) Many of them do.
D) All of them do.
53
Listening Practice7.5
5.
M I exercise like that about five times a week.
What about you? W Oh, I hardly ever exercise. I
usually just watch TV in my free time. Q What
does the woman usually do in her free time?
A) She exercises.
B) She watches TV.
B) She watches TV.
C) She listens to music.
D) She makes phone calls.
54
Listening Practice8
Listen to the following short talk and fill in
the blanks with the missing words. The talk is
given twice.
8.
On a windy day, it may seem to you that the
wind is blowing . Then
you hear the weather report, and it says, Winds
of 10 to 15 miles per hour. Its easy for us to
about the speed of the
wind. But the exact(???) wind speed
to many people, so there are scientific
(???) ways of measuring the wind. The first
tool for measuring the speed of the wind
in 1667 by an Englishman named
Robert Hooke. The tool is called an
anemometer(???). There are of
anemometers, but the most common type now used
has a number of aluminum(?) cups on a
spindle(?). They are free to turn ,
and the harder the wind blows, the faster the
cups will . By counting the
number of turns made by the cups in a given time,
may be
measured.

155 words
____________
at great speed
___________
be fooled
__________
is important
was invented
___________
__________
many kinds
___________
with the wind
will turn
________
__________________
the speed of the wind
55
Listening Practice9
9.
Listen to the talk again and then answer the
following questions orally.
1. How do we usually know about wind speed?
By listening to the weather report.
2. What is important to many people?
The exact wind speed.
3. Where was the first tool for measuring the
speed of the wind invented?
In England.
4. What is the tool made up of?
Its made up of a spindle and a number of
aluminum cups.
5. How can we measure the speed of the wind?
By counting the number of turns made by the cups
in a given time.
56
Listening Practice10
Think about your living environment its places
and people and tell your classmates about
your likes and dislikes using the language you
learned in Exercises 2 4.
10.
57
Reading Writing
Reading Writing
Text A
Run Like the Wind
Text A Exercises
Grammar Review
Practical Writing
Text B
Exercise What Can It Do for You?
Text B Exercises
Text C
Devlins Advice
Comprehension of the Text
Basic Reading Skills
58
starter
Text A
Starter
For many of us, running like the wind sounds like
a dream that may never come true. How fast can
you run? Talk to your classmates and find out who
is the best runner. Ask the best runner to tell
you how he or she manages to do it.
The name of the best runner is
. He/She can run 100 meters in
seconds. He/She can run so fast because
.
__________
__________
__________
Now read the following passage and find out
what advice the author gives us in order to run
fast.
59
articler1
Text A
Run Like the Wind
Kristen Hoel
1 Not many kids know this, but a person can
actually learn how to run faster. Its true.
Even the slowest person on the playground can
become a fast runner by learning and practicing
running techniques. Heres how!
N
60
Articler2-5
Text A
The Basic Skills
2 There are two basic skills needed for
running speed and endurance. 3 Speed is the
measure of how fast a person can run. 4
Endurance is the measure of how far a person can
run.
N
5 Most sports require athletes to be skilled
at both speed and endurance. Football players,
for example, use speed when making a play and
endurance to be able to run up and down the field
for an entire game. Both speed and endurance can
be learned.
N
?
61
Articler6-10
Text A
The Secrets of Speed
6 To run fast, an athlete must use a special
running technique known as sprinting. Heres
how it works 7 First, think of the foot as
four separate parts 1. heel, 2. arch, 3. pad, 4.
toes. 8 When sprinting, the
athlete uses only two parts, the pad and the
toes. The athlete strikes the ground with the pad
of the foot, then pushes off with the toes. (The
heels never touch the ground!) By using only
these two parts, the steps are quicker, and the
speed is increased. 9 Another part of
sprinting technique is the use of the arms. It
may sound silly, but the arms actually do help us
run faster. 10 A young athlete can increase his
speed by practicing the sprinting technique in
his backyard or playground. It may take some
time to perfect, but as with any other athletic
skill, the more often one practices, the better
one becomes!
N
N
N
?
62
Articler11-14
Text A
The Keys to Endurance
11 The second running skill is endurance. An
athlete needs good endurance to be able to run
for a long time without getting tired. This is a
very important skill in most sports. 12
The key to endurance running is to conserve
energy. This means using as little energy
as needed to move oneself forward. As with
sprinting, there is a technique runners use to
help them become better endurance runners. This
technique is known as the gravity pull
technique. Heres how it works 13 First,
the athlete leans forward just enough so that he
has to keep stepping forward to keep from
falling. Second, he swings his arms long, to keep
his balance. Finally and heres the
tricky part he stays in that position for
the entire course of the run! 14 It takes
quite a bit of practice to become skilled at this
technique. However, by running this way, the
athlete uses the pull of gravity to move forward,
rather than having to use his own energy to
push himself forward. Isnt that clever?
N
N
N
?
63
Articler15
Text A
Conclusion
15 Athletes in nearly every sport use both
speed and endurance. The nice thing is that
anybody can become a better athlete by studying
and practicing these running techniques. The
funny thing is that hardly anyone knows this!
N
?
64
Articler1_popwin_T
Chinese Version
????

?????? ???????????,???????????????????????
??????????????????????????????????????
65
Articler1_popwin_Kristen Hoel
Language Points
Kristen Hoel / ???????? ??????/ ??????
66
Articler1_popwin_kid
Language Points
kid /???/ n. child or young person ?????
67
Articler1_popwin_actually
Language Points
actually /?????????/ ad. really in fact ???
e.g.
I didnt actually see her I just heard her
voice. ??????????,?????????? Actually, Im busy
at the moment can I phone you back?
????,???????????????
68
Articler1_popwin_S_Even the
Language Points
Even the slowest person on the playground can
become a fast runner by learning and practicing
running techniques. ???????????????????????
????????????? ?????by ????? (learning and
practicing running techniques)???,????? ??????????
???????By using only the two parts, the steps
are quicker, and the speed is increased. ????A
young athlete can increase his speed by
practicing the sprinting technique in his
backyard or playground. ???????The nice thing
is that anybody can become a better athlete by
studying and practicing these running techniques.
69
Articler1_popwin_playground
Language Points
playground / ??????????/ n. area of land where
children play, e.g. as
part of a school (???)??,???
70
Articler1_popwin_runner
Language Points
runner / ?????/ n. person or animal that runs
one taking part in a race
????(???)????(???)
71
Articler1_popwin_technique
Language Points
technique /????????/ n. method of doing or
performing sth.
??????
e.g.
farming techniques ???? She is working with her
piano teacher to improve her technique.
?????????????????????
72
Articler2-5_popwin_Q
1) What are the two basic skills needed for
running?
Speed and endurance.
2) What is speed? And what is endurance?
Speed is the measure of how fast a person can
run. Endurance is the measure of how far a person
can run.
3) How do athletes, football players, for
example, use speed and endurance in sports?
Athletes, football players, for example, use
speed when making a play and endurance to be able
to run up and down the field for an entire game.
73
Articler2-5_popwin_T
Chinese Version
???? ?????????????????
??????????????? ???????????????
??????????????????????????????,??????????????,????
??????????????????????????????
74
Articler2-5_popwin_S_There are
Language Points
There are two basic skills needed for running
speed and endurance. There are two basic
skills that / which are needed for running speed
and endurance.
75
Articler2-5_popwin_basic
Language Points
basic /???????/ a. simplest or lowest in level
???
e.g.
basic requirements ???? the basic vocabulary of
English ?????? My knowledge of physics is pretty
basic. ???????????
76
Articler2-5_popwin_speed
Language Points
speed /?????/ n. rate at which sb./sth. moves
????
e.g.
the speed of light ?? drive at a speed of 60
miles an hour ????60???????
77
Articler2-5_popwin_require
Language Points
require /????wa??/ vt. depend on (sb./sth.) for
success, fulfillment, etc. need
?????
e.g.
We require extra help. ?????????? This radio
requires two batteries. ????????????
78
Articler2-5_popwin_S_Football players
Language Points
Football players, for example, use speed when
making a play and endurance to be able to run up
and down the field for an entire game.
??,??????????????,???????????????????????
??when making a play???????????????be?????,???when
they are making a play,??????????,???????????????
???????????????When sprinting, the athlete uses
only two parts, the pad and the toes.
79
Articler2-5_popwin_athlete
Language Points
athlete /???????/ n. person who trains to
compete in physical exercises and
sports ???
80
Articler2-5_popwin_skilled
Language Points
skilled / ?????/ a. having skill skilful
???????
81
Articler2-5_popwin_up and down
Language Points
up and down backwards and forwards along
(sth.) ???????
e.g.
running up and down the road ??????? Hes
walking up and down outside our
house. ??????????????
82
Articler2-5_popwin_entire
Language Points
entire /???????/ a. with no part left out
whole complete
??????
e.g.
She spent the entire day in bed. ????????? The
entire family was looking at him. ?????????
83
Articler2-5_popwin_for example
Language Points
for example as an example ??
84
Articler6-10_popwin_Q
4) Which parts of the foot do runners use when
employing the sprinting technique? What is the
effect(??,??)of this?
They use only two parts of the foot the pad and
the toes. By using these two parts, the
steps are quicker, and the speed is increased.
5) Does the sprinting technique only
involve(??)the right use of ones foot?
No, it doesnt. It also involves the use of
arms.
6) How can athletes perfect their sprinting skill?
Athletes can perfect their sprinting skill by
practice. The more often they practice, the
better they become.
85
Articler6-10_popwin_T
Chinese Version
????? ???????????????????????,????????????????
????? ??,???????????1. ?? 2. ?? 3. ?? 4.
??? ????,??????????,?????????????????,????????
??(????????!)???????,??????,???????
???????????????????????????,??????????????????
?????????????????????????????????????????????????
????,???????????,?????,?????!
86
Articler6-10_popwin_special
Language Points
special /??????/ a. not common, usual, or
general ??????
e.g.
What are your special interests? ?????????
Shes a very special friend of mine.
??????????????
87
Articler6-10_popwin_S_To run fast
Language Points
To run fast, an athlete must use a special
running technique known as sprinting.
??known as sprinting??????????, ??technique?
88
Article6-10_popwin_sprint
Language Points
sprint /??????/ v. n. (????)??????
89
Articler6-10_popwin_known as
Language Points
known as called or labeled as ???,????
e.g.
a heavyweight boxer known as The Greatest
??????????????? This area is known as the
Sun Island. ???????????
90
Articler6-10_popwin_think of as
Language Points
think of as regard as ???
e.g.
I will always think of Shanghai as my second
hometown. ???????????????? They all thought of
him as an excellent teacher. ???????????????
91
Articler6-10_popwin_separate
Language Points
separate / ???????/ 1. a. forming a unit by
itself existing apart
????????
e.g.
The children sleep in separate beds.
??????????? The flat consists of four separate
rooms. ??????????
2. / ?????????/ v. divide (cause to) come
apart(?)??(?)??
92
Articler6-10_popwin_ heel
Language Points
heel /????/ n. back part of the human foot ???
93
Articler6-10_popwin_ arch
Language Points
arch /????/ n. ?????????
94
Articler6-10_popwin_ pad
Language Points
pad /???/ n. ????????
95
Articler6-10_popwin_ toe
Language Points
toe /???/ n. each of the five divisions of the
front part of the human foot
??
96
Articler6-10_popwin_ touch
Language Points
touch /????/ vt. feel (sth.) with ones hands or
another part of his body
???
e.g.
Visitors are asked not to touch the paintings.
??????????
97
Articler6-10_popwin_ increase
Language Points
increase /????????/ v. become or make greater
in number, quantity, size, etc.
??,??(?????????)
e.g.
The population of this town has increased
greatly. ???????????????? They have increased
the price of petrol by 3. ???????????3?
98
Articler6-10_popwin_ S_It may sound silly,
Language Points
It may sound silly, but the arms actually do help
us run faster. ?????????,?????????????????? soun
d ??????????,?????,??, ???????????????????????l
ook ???, smell ??????
e.g.
He looks awful. ??????? The food
smells good. ?????????
?? do ?????do,does, did ????????,??
??,???
e.g.
I do feel sorry for Mary. ??????????? He did
find a regular job. ?????????????
99
Articler6-10_popwin_ yard
Language Points
yard /????/ n. ???????(??????,1?3??,?0.9144
?)
backyard /?????????/ n. ??
100
Articler6-10_popwin_ S_It may take
Language Points
It may take some time to perfect, but as with any
other athletic skill, the more often one
practices, the better one becomes!
???????????????????,???????????,?????,?????! the
more the more ?????????,????????????????????
???the more ?????,???the more ??????
101
Articler6-10_popwin_ perfect
Language Points
perfect 1. / ????????/ a. not having any
mistakes, faults, etc. ideal complete
???,?????????
2. / ???????/ vt. make perfect or complete
????????
102
Articler6-10_popwin_ athletic
Language Points
athletic /????????/ a. ???,???????
103
Articler11-14_popwin_ Q1
7) Why is good endurance important in running?
Good endurance is important in running because it
enables an athlete to run for a long time without
getting tired.
8) What is the key to endurance running?
The key to endurance running is to conserve
energy.
104
Articler11-14_popwin_ Q2
9) What is the gravity pull technique? How does
it work?
The gravity pull technique is a technique which
enables an athlete to use the pull of gravity to
move himself forward rather than using his own
energy. It works in this way First, the athlete
leans forward just enough so that he has to keep
stepping forward to keep from falling. Second, he
swings his arms long, to keep his balance. Third,
he stays in that position for the entire course
of the run.
105
Articler11-14_popwin_ T
Chinese Version
??????? ???????????????????????????????????
????????????????????? ?????????????????????
????????????????,?????????????????????????????????
?????????????? ??,????????????,???????????
????????????,???????,?????????????????????????
???????????? ?????????????????????????,?????
?,???????????????????????????
106
Articler11-14_popwin_ S_The key to
Language Points
The key to endurance running is to conserve
energy. This means using as little energy as
needed to move oneself forward.
???????????????????????????????? ??????as???,???a
s????,???????it is???,? This means using as
little energy as it is needed to move oneself
forward.
107
Articler11-14_popwin_ key to
Language Points
key to the means to achieve a particular goal,
or the explanation of sth., which
has been a puzzle (???????????)??, ?? key?????
to?
e.g.
He has provided the key to the whole problem.
??????????????
108
Articler11-14_popwin_ conserve
Language Points
conserve /????????/ vt. prevent (sth.) from
being changed, lost or
destroyed ??????
109
Articler11-14_popwin_ energy
Language Points
energy /???????/ n. the power which can produce
heat and drive machines
????
e.g.
a cheap source of energy ??????? nuclear energy
?? solar energy ???
110
Articler11-14_popwin_ forward
Language Points
forward /???????/ ad. towards the front ??
111
Articler11-14_popwin_ gravity
Language Points
gravity /????????/ n. ??????????
112
Articler11-14_popwin_ lean
Language Points
lean /????/ vi. be in a sloping position bend
??????
113
Articler11-14_popwin_ keep from
Language Points
keep from prevent (oneself) from doing sth.
stop (oneself) doing sth.
??(??)????
e.g.
She could hardly keep (herself) from crying.
????????? I just managed to keep (myself) from
falling. ???????????
114
Articler11-14_popwin_ swing
Language Points
swing /????/ (swung /????/) 1. v. (?)??,(?)??

2. n. ??,????
115
Articler11-14_popwin_ keep ones balance
Language Points
keep ones balance keep steady remain upright
??????
e.g.
It is difficult to keep ones balance on an icy
pavement. ?????????????????
balance /???????/ 1. n. ??,?????
2. vt.
???(???)???
116
Articler11-14_popwin_ course
Language Points
course /kC?/ n. movement from one point to
another in space or time
????
e.g.
he course of history ????? In the course of our
journey, I told her everything. ??????????????
117
Articler11-14_popwin_ tricky
Language Points
tricky /??r???/ a. difficult to answer or deal
with ????????????
118
Articler11-14_popwin_ quite a bit (of)
Language Points
quite a bit (of) a large amount (of) ??
e.g.
Shes made quite a bit of money. ??????? It
takes quite a bit of time to get from Beijing to
Guangzhou. ?????????????
119
Articler11-14_popwin_ rather than
Language Points
rather than in preference to (sb./sth.) instead
of ??????
e.g.
I think Ill have a cold drink rather than
coffee. ?????,?????? Its the manager thats at
fault rather than the employees. ????,??????
120
Articler11-14_popwin_ position
Language Points
position /???????/ n. particular way of
standing, sitting, etc. place where
sb./sth. is persons rank or
place persons job or
responsibility ??,????????
121
Articler11-14_popwin_ be known as
Language Points
be known as be regarded or called as
???????,???
122
Articler11-14_popwin_ S_First, the athlete
Language Points
First, the athlete leans forward just enough so
that he has to keep stepping forward to keep from
falling. ??,????????????,?????????????????????
123
Articler11-14_popwin_ S_However, .
Language Points
However, by running this way, the athlete uses
the pull of gravity to move forward, rather than
having to use his own energy to push himself
forward. ??,??????,?????? ???????,??????????????
?
124
Articler15_popwin_ Q
10) What is the nice thing and the funny thing
about the two running techniques?
The nice thing is that everybody can become a
better athlete by learning and practicing these
running techniques the funny thing is that
hardly anyone knows this.
125
Articler15_popwin_ T
Chinese Version
?? ????????????????????????????,??????????
????????????????????????,??????????!
126
Articler15_popwin_ conclusion
Language Points
conclusion /???????????/ n. opinion, decision or
judgement arrived at
after some thought ??
127
Articler15_popwin_ funny
Language Points
funny /?????/ causing amusement, laughter, etc.
difficult to explain or
understand strange ???????????
e.g.
He is a funny man. ???????? A funny thing
happened to me this afternoon. ????????????????
128
Articler15_popwin_ anyone
Language Points
anyone /???????/ pron. any person ???
129
Articler15_popwin_ S_The nice thing
Language Points
The nice thing is that anybody can become a
better athlete by studying and practicing these
running techniques. The funny thing is that
hardly anyone knows this! ??????,????????????????
??????????????????,??????????!
130
Ex_TextA
Text A Exercises
Reading Aloud
Understanding the Text
Reading Analysis
Vocabulary
Structure
Translation
131
Ex_1
Read the following paragraphs until you have
learned them by heart.
1.
The second running skill is endurance. An
athlete needs good endurance to be able to run
for a long time without getting tired. This is a
very important skill in most sports. The
key to endurance running is to conserve energy.
This means using as little energy as needed to
move oneself forward. As with sprinting, there
is a technique runners use to help them become
better endurance runners. This technique is known
as the gravity pull technique. Heres how it
works First, the athlete leans forward
just enough so that he has to keep stepping
forward to keep from falling. Second, he swings
his arms long, to keep his balance. Finally and
heres the tricky part he stays in that
position for the entire course of the run!
It takes quite a bit of practice to become
skilled at this technique. However, by running
this way, the athlete uses the pull of gravity to
move forward, rather than having to use his own
energy to push himself forward. Isnt that clever?
132
Ex_2
Answer the following questions.
2.
1.What are the two basic skills needed for
running? 2.What is speed? And what is
endurance? 3.How do athletes, such as football
players, use speed and endurance in
sports? 4.Which parts of the foot do runners use
when employing the sprinting technique? What
is the effect(??,??)of it? 5.Does sprinting
technique only involve(??)the right use of ones
foot? 6.How can athletes perfect their sprinting
skill? 7.Why is good endurance important in
running? 8.What is the key to endurance
running? 9.What is the gravity pull technique?
How does it work? 10.What is the nice thing and
the funny thing about the two running techniques?
133
Ex_3
Topics for Discussion.
3.
1. Do you like running? Why or why not? 2.
Running, especially distance running, is a test
of ones endurance. Is endurance also
important in doing other things? Discuss the
importance of endurance in your work and study.
134
Ex_4
Read Text A again and complete the following
table.
4.






Part Topic Paragraph(s)
Main Idea
All people can run faster if

__________ ___________________________

they learn and practice running
techniques.
?
Introduction
1
Speed and endurance
Two basic skills
are the two
basic skills that athletes need to succeed.
__________________
?
2-5
____
__________ _________
The Secrets of Speed
Using the sprinting technique helps athletes
.
?
6-10
_________
run faster
The key to endurance
Using the gravity pull technique helps athletes
.
?
11-14
_____
run longer
__________

if he or she has learnt the
running techniques.
________________________________
Everyone can become a better runner
?
15
__________
Conclusion
135
Ex_5.1
5.
Fill in the blanks with the words given below.
Change the forms where necessary.

1. Those buildings are so tall that they seem to
   ______ the sky.

touch
2. We need someone with _____ and enthusiasm(??)
to do this job.
enegy
3. He was driving at a _____ of 90 miles per
hour on his way home.
speed
136
Ex_5.2
4. Of course he is our landlord(??) he owns the
_____ building.
entire
5. Is there anything ______ that youd like to do
this afternoon, Peter?
special
6. Chinas GDP(??????) ______ by 9.1 percent in
2003.
increased
137
Ex_5.3
7. Believe it or not, our foreign teacher is
quite _____ at cooking Chinese dishes.
skilled
8. She seems so quiet, but _____ she likes to
talk.
actually
9. This word has four _____ meanings.
seperate
138
Ex_5.4
10. You are _____ by law to stop your car after
an accident(??).
required
11. Whats your _____ for looking so young?
secret
12. I go to sleep on my back but I always wake up
in a different _____ .
position
139
Ex_6.1
6.
Fill in the blanks with the expressions given
below. Change the forms where necessary.
1. She was running __________ outside her
house, shouting for help.
up and down
2. The noise from the next door ____ me
_____sleeping last night.
keep from
3. The disease is more commonly _______ Mad Cow
Disease.
known as
140
Ex_6.2
4. He is having ________ trouble with his car,
isnt he?
quite a bit of
5. The little girl had to hold onto the
railings(??)to keep her balance .
keep her balance
6. I prefer to live near my work _____ spend a
lot of time travelling every day.
rather than
7. I used to _____ him __ someone who would
always help me, but I was wrong.
think of as
141
Ex_7
7.
Complete the following sentences by translating
the Chinese in brackets into English, using the
more the more structure .

• ________________, the more likely you are to win
  the race. (????
• ?)
• 2. Actually the less she worried,
  __________________.(?????)
• 3. ____________________________, the easier
  things are.(?????????)
• 4. The more I read the poem(?),
  ______________.(?????)

The faster you run
the better she worked
The more information people have
the more I liked it
142
Ex_8.1
8.
Rewrite the following sentences according to the
model, omitting what can be omitted.
Model When he is sprinting, the athlete uses
only two parts, the pad and the toes. ?When
sprinting, the athlete uses only two parts, the
pad and the toes.1.

1. Though it is small, the restaurant offers nice
   food and good service.

?Though small, the restaurant offers nice food
and good service.
2. While I was sitting there, I examined every
part of the room.
?While sitting there, I examined every part of
the room.
143
Ex_8.2
3. When he was crossing the street, Tom was hit
by a car.
?When crossing the street, Tom was hit by a car.
4. The teacher spoke slowly as if she was trying
to impress every word on our minds.
?The teacher spoke slowly as if trying to impress
every word on our minds.
144
Ex_9.1
9.
Translate the following sentences into English.

• ????????,???????????
• ______________________________________________
  ____________
• 2. ????????????,??????????
• _____________________________________________
  ____
• ____________________________________________
• 3. ??(Woods)?????????????(golfer)??????????
• _______________________________________________
  _____

Toms story was so funny that we couldnt keep
(ourselves) from laughing.
The German department and the English department
are in two separate buildings rather than in the
same one.
What special skill does Woods have that other
golfers do not?
145
Ex_9.2
4. ????????????,?????????????(equipment)?
_________________________________________________
______________________________________________
___ 5. ?????????????????????????
____________________________________________
____________________________________________ 6. ?
??????????????,??????????????
_________________________________________________
_______________________________________________
__
Running is the most popular form of exercise
because it requires little training or equipment.
It takes quite a bit of practice in order to be
skilled at both speed and endurance.
He is known as the fastest runner of our school
though he knows nothing about the techniques
needed for running.
146
GR1
Grammar Review Verb Tenses (4)
The Present Perfect and the Past
Perfect(???????????) ??????????????,???????
????????????have/ has???-ed?????
???????????????????????(?????????)???????had???-
ed????? ?????(The Present Perfect)
? ? ? ?
???????????? ? The taxi has arrived. ???????? Her bicycle has been broken. ??????????
147
GR2
? ? ? ?
2. ?????????,?? ???????????? Linda still hasnt finished her assignment. ??????????? Have you ever been to Paris? ???????
3.??????????? I have gone to the post office twice today. ????????????? Jenny has taken several courses this year. ??????????????
4. ??????????? ????,??for ? since ?????????? We have lived here since 1982. ?1982???,?????????? Our family has owned that house for generations. ????????????????
148
GR3
?????(The Past Perfect)
? ? ? ?
1 . ??????????? ????? We had already learned two thousand words by the end of last year. ???????????2 000???? Until then, his family hadnt heard from him for six months. ?????,??????6???????????
2. ??when/before/after/until ??????????,? ???????????? When we arrived at the theatre, they had waited for more than twenty minutes. ?????????,??????20???? The train had left before I reached the station. ????????????????
149
GR4
? ? ? ?
3.??expect, hope, think, want???????, ??? ???????????? ??? They had wanted to help but couldnt get there in time. ???????,?????????? I had hoped that we would be able to leave tomorrow, but its beginning to look difficult. ????????????,??????????
4. ??if, as if, I wish???? ??,????????? ????? If you had walked faster, you wouldnt have missed the train. ?????????,??????????? I wish I hadnt said that. ???????????????
150
GR5
Complete each of the following sentences with the
verbs given in their right tenses.
10
A. Use the proper tenses of verbs given to fill
in the blanks.

• When we were kids, we ____ (go) to Beijing for
  our holidays, but I have
• _______ (not be) there for years.
• 2. We ____ (live) in Hunan from 1995 to 2001, but
  we __________ (move)
• to Hainan now.
• 3. They ___________ (not come) to our party
  yesterday, even though we
• _______ (send) them a special invitation.
• 4. ____ (be) late for the film. It _________
  (start) half an hour before.
• 5. Nobody ________ (see) Boris Norman since last
  Saturday. He _____
• (leave) the house in the middle of the night.
• 6. Mary _________ (work) for Mr. and Mrs. Norman
  for six months now.
• She _____ (clean) Mrs. Normans room every
  day.
• 7. Her father ____ (die) in 1988. He ________
  (be) ill since 1986.
• 8. Gloria _______ (return) to Scotland in 1987.
  She ________ (live) in the
• USA for five years.

went
not been
lived
have moved
did not come
had sent
was
had started
has seen
left
has worked
clears
died
had been
returned
had lived
151
GR6
B.The following is a simplified excerpt from Of
Human Bondage (?????), one of Somerset
Maughams most outstanding novels. Fill in the
blanks with the verbs given in their right
tenses.
Philip walked out of the house. His school-days
were over, and he (1) ____ (be) free but the
wild joy which he (2) ___________ (expect) at
that moment (3) ___ (be) not there. He walked
round the school slowly, and a deep regret seized
him. He wished now that he (4) __________ (not
be) foolish. He did not want to go, but he knew
he could never bring himself to go to the
headmaster and tell him he (5) _________ (stay).
That was a shame he could never put upon himself.
He wondered whether he (6) ________ (do) right.
He asked himself whether you wished that you (7)
________ (not get) your way after you (8) ___
(get) it.
was
had expected
was
had not been
would stay
had done
got
hadnt got
152
PW1
Practical Writing
Business/Name Card Exchanging business
cards is a convenient way of informing a new
acquaintance of who you are, who you work for, as
well as what your business and regulatory status
are. Nowadays its becoming more and more common
for people to carry business cards. With the
many and varied ways we all stay in contact with
friends, clients and colleagues we are all
finding it quite convenient to have a business
card where all our contact details are listed.
Things to include on your Name Card

• Name of your organization
• Your current title
• Work address
• Work phone
• Mobile phone number
• Fax number
• Email address

153
PW2
Title A title is used to state a persons
professional rank, qualifications, position in an
organization, etc. Some widely used titles are
shown as follows ??/??? Chairman/President
??/?? Director ???? Executive Director ???
General Manager ?? Chief Executive Officer
(C.E.O) ????? Pubic Relation (PR) Manager ?????
Business Manager ????? Senior Accountant ??
Professor ??? Associate Professor
????? Sales Manager ????? Senior Engineer ??
Technician ??? Architect ??? Designer ???
Mechanic ??? Quality Inspector ??
Instructor/Lecturer ??? Dean (??)?? President
154
PW3
Please write an English business card for Mr.
Chen Yang based on the Chinese one given below.
11
SUTON
Chen Yang
Operations Manager, China Suton
International Shipping Limited Representative
Office Add 88 south Chang Jiang Road, Shanghai,
China Zip code 200441 Tel [phone]
Fax [phone] Email
davidchenyang_at_sina.com Mobile[phone]