Digital Library Network at Developing Countries Case Study: The Indonesian Digital Library Network

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Digital Library Network atDeveloping
CountriesCase StudyThe Indonesian Digital
Library Network

• Ismail Fahmi lt ismail_at_itb.ac.id gt
• Knowledge Management Research Group ITB
• Presented at APAN Digital Library Tutorial
  Session, August 21 2001, Malaysia

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Acknowledgement

• Funding
• IDRC, International Development Research Centre
  (Canada)
• YLTI, Yayasan Litbang Telekomunikasi dan
  Informatika
• Support in-kind
• Perpustakaan Pusat ITB
• AI3/ITB, Asian Internet Interconnection
  Initiatives
• CNRG, Computer Network Research Group
• KMRG, Knowledge Management Research Group

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Agenda

• About IndonesiaDLN
• Philosophy
• Mission
• Common Problems
• Basic Requirements
• Strategies
• Architecture of the Network
• Standard Metadata
• Metadata Exchange Protocol
• Implementation Status
• Future Direction

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Definition

• Digital Library vs Online Catalog
• Digital Library containing electronic resources
  (document, audio, video)
• Online Catalog only bibliographic database
• Online catalog usually related to Library
  Automation

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So, what is Digital Library?

• Not a single entity
• Requires technology to link the resources
• Linkage between digital library systems are
  transparent to the end users
• The goal is universal access to the information
  services and digital libraries
• The collection is not only documents.

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And, What is IndonesiaDLN?

• It is a --
• Network of Digital Library Networks
• in Indonesia

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Philosophy

• Dan (ingatlah), ketika Allah mengambil janji
  dari orang-orang yang telah diberi kitab
  (yaitu)"Hendaklah kamu menerangkan isi kitab itu
  kepada manusia, dan jangan kamu
  menyembunyikannya," lalu mereka melemparkan janji
  itu ke belakang punggung mereka dan mereka
  menukarnya dengan harga yang sedikit. Amatlah
  buruk tukaran yang mereka terima.
• -- Ali Imran 187

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Philosophy

• Our primordial commitment Will share our
  knowledge to others and never withhold it -- Al
  Quran
• All knowledge all discoveries belong to
  everybody. ... All knowledge all discoveries
  belong to you by right. It is time to demand what
  belongs to you." -- William S. Burroughs, The Job

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Mission
Unlock ACCESS to the Indonesian knowledge
Unlock !
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Common Problems

• Internet connection availability
• Bandwidth
• Human Resources
• Awareness of the Leaders

Inhabitants 210 million
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Basic Requirements

• We need SOLUTION. Not state of the art of the
  technology, but a Regional Technology.
• Running on narrow bandwidth and unreliable
  connections.
• Common-sense User Interface.
• Attract individual and institution (knowledge
  producers).
• Easy to implement and join.

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About Data Integration
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Strategies (Technical)

• Networked through a national networked digital
  library
• Distributed every institutions can manage their
  own digital library system
• Unified all knowledge will be unified
• Disseminated all knowledge will be disseminated
  (mirroring), bring information near to the users.
• Standardized using international acknowledged
  metadata standard (Dublin Core)
• Portal-like user interface search and browse
  presentation

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Strategies (Society)

• Bottom-Up movement !
• Type of partnership Institution, Individual, and
  Internet Café.
• Promote sub-networks I.e. health, agriculture,
  human rights, etc.

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Knowledge Map

• Information abstract and full content of the
  LOCAL CONTENT.
• Including
• Research report
• Final Project, Theses, Dissertation
• Article, paper, proceeding, journal
• E-book, e-learning material, course material
• clipping, Heritage, Multimedia, expertise
  directory, etc.

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Knowledge Sources

• University
• Research institution
• NGO
• Government
• Business

• Playgroup, TK, SD, SMP, SMA
• Pesantren, Mosque, Religion institution
• Citizen organization, cooperation
• Etc

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Architecture of GDL Network

• Key
• Standard Metadata
• Protocol
• There are a hub and many digital library servers.

GDL Ganesha Digital Library
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IndonesiaDLN Interoperability Metadata Std.

• Objective to manage electronic resources
  (documents, audio, video files) on the Internet
  among the digital library networks.
• Dublin Core Metadata Element Sets
• Has the same objective
• Simple, multipurpose
• Widely used
• IndonesiaDLN Interoperability Metadata Std was
  derived from NDLTD Metadata Std (also based on
  Dublin Core).

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Elements of the Metadata

• 15 Core elements
• Title
• Creator
• Publisher
• Subject
• Description
• Date
• Type

• Format
• Identifier
• Source
• Language
• Relation
• Coverage
• Rights

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Qualifiers of The Elements

• Some elements have qualifiers.
• IndonesiaDLN allows implementation of specific
  qualifiers within the digital library networks,
• But when the networks will share into
  IndonesiaDLN, they must use the IndonesiaDLN
  Interoperability Metadata Std. (see
  http//idln.itb.ac.id).

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Example for Agribusiness
IndonesiaDLN HUB
Use IndonesiaDLN Interoperability
Metadata Standard
Agribusiness Digital Library Network Use FAO
Agriculture Metadata Standard for intra-network
metadata exchange
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Example of the Qualifiers

• Element Title
• Qualifiers
• Alternative ? dc.title.alternative
• Series ? dc.title.series
• Element Creator
• Qualifiers
• Orgname ? dc.creator.orgname
• Email ? dc.creator.email

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Example of the XML format
lt?xml version1.0 ?gt ltIndonesiaDLNgt ltdc.titlegt
Title goes here (native language) ltalternativegtTi
tle in English is here lt/alternativegt ltseriesgt
series, number, lt/seriesgt lt/dc.titlegt ltdc.creator
gt creator full name ltorgnamegt organization of
the creator lt/orgnamegt ltemailgt creators email
lt/emailgt lt/dc.creatorgt lt/IndonesiaDLNgt
Generated by servers during exchange process.
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Example Metadata in XML
Metadata is formatted into XML before exchanged
among the digital library servers. All digital
library servers in IndonesiaDLN should use the
IndonesiaDLN Interoperability Metadata Standard.
Currently is version 1.1.
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Key factor Identifier

• Every metadata will be recognized from its
  IDENTIFIER.
• Identifier is unique within IndonesiaDLN.
• It contains the following information
• Publisher ID
• Digital Library Network ID
• Type of the electronic resources
• Year of creation
• Creator
• Record number, and
• Content theme

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Example of Identifier
Publisher ID Digital Library Network ID Type of
the electronic resources Year of
creation Creator Record number, and Content theme
jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc
Benefit Entering URL containing the identifier
to any digital library servers will show the same
metadata content. Example http//digilib.xxx.
xxx/go.php?id jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-i
drc
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File Naming

• The IDENTIFIER also be used to assign name to
  files that are uploaded together with their
  metadata.
• Example
• jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc-report-1.zi
  p
• jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc-report-2.pd
  f
• jbpeismail-gdl-res-2001-ismail-11-idrc-software-3.
  zip

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Metadata Exchange Protocol (Synchronization)

• Using the services of
• HTTP (operational)
• Real time transaction
• Good for reliable connection
• SMTP (in progress)
• Not real time
• Good for unreliable connection
• Post office -)
• Burned into CD-ROM, takes days or weeks
• Good for no internet connection at all

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The Synchronization Services

• Metadata are
• sent from LOCAL to HUB server and,
• downloaded from HUB to LOCAL server,
• through the synchronization services.
• Optionally, the files also can be sent from LOCAL
  to HUB.
• There are 3 groups of requests Authentication,
  PUT, and GET.

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Authentication

• Server authentication before synchronization
• Member roaming login

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PUT

• Send PUBLIC information to HUB server
• Including
• Metadata and File
• Member Registries

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PUT The Files

• Optionally (especially for temporary connection),
  the metadata related files can be PUT into HUB
  server.
• Files will be sliced (by 10 KB, or customized)
  before they are sent.
• Using HTTP PUT Method.

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GET

• Download
• Metadata
• Publisher registries

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Publisher Registry
File /util/publisher.ini
lt?xml version"1.0"?gt ltDC.PUBLISHERgt GaneshaDL
Central Hub ltIDgtGDLHUBlt/IDgt ltTYPEgtINSTITUTIONlt/T
YPEgt ltAPPSgtGDLlt/APPSgt ltORGNAMEgtKnowledge
Management Research Group ITBlt/ORGNAMEgt ltHOSTNAME
gtgdlhub.indonesiaDLN.orglt/HOSTNAMEgt ltIPADDRESSgt16
7.205.23.27lt/IPADDRESSgt ltPROTOCOLgtHTTPlt/PROTOCOLgt
ltADMINgtdonfau_at_kmrg.lib.itb.ac.idlt/ADMINgt ltCKOgtc
ko_at_kmrg.lib.itb.ac.idlt/CKOgt ltPOSTMASTERgtpm_at_digili
b.itb.ac.idlt/POSTMASTERgt ltCONNECTIONgtDEDICATEDlt/C
ONNECTIONgt lt/DC.PUBLISHERgt
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User Interface
Most users are familiar with interface like
Yahoo, Google, Altavista, etc. The information
is organized by categories. Easy to Navigate and
Search.
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IndonesiaDLN Topology
GDL-Network
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GDL-Network
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Scenario of Sharing Replication
Replication
Share
Replication
Replication
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Scenario of Access
Download Full resources
GDL-Network
Server GDL ITB (Source)
Search ?
Server GDL Warnet
Result url
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GDL Sub-HUB
GDL-Network HUB
GDL-Network
GDL Server Dept
Institution X GDL Sub HUB
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Benefits of Promoting Sub-Hub

• Encourage institutions with distributed offices
  to develop DL network.
• Boost the number of IndonesiaDLN partners.
• Managing subject-specific knowledge and
  information (ie. Agriculture, healthy, human
  rights, etc)

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Implementation Status

• GDL (Ganesha Digital Library) version 1 End of
  1999.
• Idea of developing the IndonesiaDLN October
  2000.
• Launching of IndonesiaDLN June 2001 (it just 2
  months ago).

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The Technology

• Operating system
• Unix/Linux
• Windows 98/NT/2000
• Windows 95 needs winsock32
• Web server Apache
• Scripting Lang PHP 4
• Database Server MySQL
• Infrastructure Dedicated or Dial-Up

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Benefits

• Easy to install (especially for Windows)
• Able run on PC, Laptop ? promote personal digital
  library, small institution, SME
• Allow dial-up and behind-proxy installation
  (temporary connection) ? good for small
  institution, personal, and internet café.

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Problems Limitations

• Updating information at resource server will not
  automatically update the mirror sites.

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The Networks

• Currently only GDL-Network that has been fully
  operational.
• Near future Spektra Virtual Library
• Future DLN for Human Rights, Agribusiness,
  Distance Learning, Bibliographic, Health
  Research, and Heritage.

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The Network of Networks
New Spektra
IndonesiaDLN
GDL-Engine
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GDL-Network Partners
By August 2001
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The Distribution Map of GDL-Network Partners
By August 2001
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Members of GDL-Network

• Member users that have registered at GDL
  servers.
• Currently the total members registered at GDL Hub
  is about 3028 users.

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Members of GDL-Network (by partners)
By August 2001
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Members Country
By August 2001
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Members Job
By August 2001
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The Contents
By August 2001
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Alternatives to join for Department

• Using existing GDL server (Central Library),
  http//digilib.itb.ac.id
• Install GDL server at Department,
  http//digilib.DEPT.itb.ac.id

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How Students Can Join?

• Steps
• Free registration to become a member, at
• GDLHUB, http//gdlhub.indonesiaDLN.org
• Or at other GDL Servers ( of partners)
• Upload share the abstract and full content of
  the paper, reports, theses, etc.
• Members Personal Directory
• http//server/go.php?top/Member/email_at_your.com/
  
• Then
• GDL server will share them automatically to
  IndonesiaDLN!
• Members contribution can be accessed widely.

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Important URLs

• IndonesiaDLN web site Mailing list technical,
  scenario, society, announcement standard,
  http//idln.itb.ac.id
• About GDL-Network, registration, join, software,
  patch, download, etc, http//gdlhub.indonesiaDLN.o
  rg/faqgdl.php
• Download GDL source code for free,
  http//gdl.itb.ac.id/download/
• GDL-HUB, http//gdlhub.indonesiaDLN.org
• Digital Library ITB, http//digilib.itb.ac.id
• Contact KMRG kmrg_at_kmrg.lib.itb.ac.id

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Demo

• Try to access this
• http//172.16.2.86/
• Login superuser_at_localhost
• Password apan

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Thank you