The Protestant Reformation

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The Protestant Reformation
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Causes of the Reformation

• 100 Years War and Black Death
• Scientific Advances which contradicted the Church
• The Corruption within the Catholic Church
• Example Did not accept usury (loans with
  interest) but accepted indulgences and
  government funds

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What was the Protestant Reformation?

• Prior to the Reformation all Christians were
  Roman Catholic
• The REFORMation was an attempt to REFORM the
  Catholic Church
• People like Martin Luther wanted to get rid of
  the corruption and restore the peoples faith in
  the church

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What was the Protestant Reformation?

• In the end the reformers, like Luther,
  established their own religions
• The Reformation caused a split in Christianity
  with the formation of these new Protestant
  religions

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What was the Protestant Reformation?
CHRISTIANITY
PROTESTANT
CATHOLIC
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The Reformers

• Martin Luther
• John Calvin
• Henry VIII

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Martin Luther

• Lived from 1483-1546 in Germany
• Father encouraged him to study law
• A sudden religious experience inspired him to
  become a monk

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Martin Luther

• He became troubled over the possibility of not
  going to heaven
• He turned to the Bible, and confession for
  comfort
• In the Bible he found the answer he was looking
  for

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ROMANS 117
The righteous shall by his faith. Luther
realized that only faith (in the ultimate
goodness of Jesus), not good deeds, could save a
person. No good works, rituals, etc. would save
a person if they did not believe.
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Luther's 95 Theses

• A list of things he thought were wrong with the
  Catholic Church (95 Complaints)
• He criticized
• The Power of the Pope
• The Extreme Wealth of the Church
• Indulgences (Catholic concept of Salvation)

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Luther's 95 Theses

• Gutenbergs Printing Press made it possible for
  Luther to spread his beliefs
• Posted his 95 Theses on Church doors in Germany
• Gained support from people and criticism from
  Church

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• The first thing printed on Gutenbergs press was
  the Bible.
• This is a picture of a page from one of
  Gutenbergs Bibles.

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Luther on Trial

• The Diet of Worms
• 1520 Pope Leo X order Luther to give up his
  beliefs
• Luther burned the order and was excommunicated
• Luther went into hiding where he translated the
  New Testament into German spreading his beliefs
  even further

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Pope Leo X (Medici)

• He was the Pope during the height of the
  corruption

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Luther prepares to burn Pope's orders
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Luther's Dying Words
I am fed up with the world, and it with me. I
am like a ripe stool, and the world is like a
gigantic anus, and so were about to let go of
each other. -Luther
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Acceptance of Reforms

• Some Local German Churches accepted Luthers
  ideas
• Lutheranism was formed
• Supported by some German Princes who issued a
  formal protest against the Church for
  suppressing the reforms
• The reformers came to be known as PROTESTants
  - Protestants

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John Calvin

• Anti-Catholic
• Influenced by Martin Luther
• Disagreed with Luthers Salvation through faith
  alone.
• Created his own Protestant religion in Switzerland

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John Calvin
May little chickens dig out your eyes 100,000
times. - Calvin speaking to another reformer
whose ideas he disagreed with
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Predestination

• Calvin believed in
• Salvation through Predestination
• At birth it is decided if you will go to heaven
  or hell

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Calvin believed in

• Foreknowledge
• God knows everything that will happen in your
  life
• Purified approach to life
• No drinking, swearing, card playing, gambling
  etc..

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CALVINISM

• Started in Switzerland Calvinists
• England Puritans (Sepratists)
• Scotland Presbyterians
• Holland Dutch Reform
• France Huguenots
• Germany Reform Church

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Christianity
Protestant
Catholic
Lutheran
Calvinism
Presbyterian
Puritan
Hugeunots
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England

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-fadCAHjN-s

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Henry VIII-English Reformation

• Wife-Catherine of Aragon-Has Daughter Mary-Henry
  wanted a son
• Asked Pope to annul his marriage (divorce was not
  allowed)
• Pope refused- Henry asked Parliament (English
  Congress) to end Popes (Catholic Churchs) power
  in England
• Act of Supremacy-Henry VIII- Head of Englands
  Church- Anglican Church

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Henry VIII

• He was big and handsome and wore fine clothes
• He loved games, horse-riding and hunting
• He spoke four languages, wrote poetry and played
  music

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But most important to him

• He wanted to be a strong king, with a firm hold
  on the throne
• He most wanted a son to succeed him

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Catherine of Aragon

• Married 1509
• She was daughter to the king of Spain
• She had a daughter, Mary, but no sons
• She was too old for more children
• In 1533, Henry divorced her

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Anne Boleyn

• Married 1533
• She was young, pretty and witty
• She had one daughter, Elizabeth
• She was beheaded for being unfaithful in 1536

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Jane Seymour

• Married 1536 (11 days after execution of Anne)
• She had a son, Edward, but died soon after (1537)
• Henry probably loved her best of all his wives

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Anne of Cleves

• Married 1540
• The marriage made a link between England and
  Germany
• Henry thought she was ugly
• Divorced 1540 the same year!

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Catherine Howard

• Married 1540
• She was 20, Henry was 49
• She was unfaithful
• Executed in 1542

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Catherine Parr

• Married 1543
• She liked family life and looked after Henrys
  children
• She outlived Henry

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English Monarchy

• After Henry VIIIs death 1547
• Edward VI-Jane Seymours son Died after 6 years
• Mary- Daughter of Catherine of Aragon-Returned
  England to Catholic Bloody Mary
• Elizabeth- Daughter of Anne Boleyn-Returned to
  Protestant-Ruled from 1533-1603- The Virgin
  Queen- Virginia named for her.

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Queen Elizabeths Reign

• Rule 1533-1603
• She brought back Protestantism, but was very
  tolerant of Catholics
• Attempted to spread the empire through
  colonization, however stopped after the Roanoke
  disaster
• Perhaps her greatest victory was the defeat of
  the Spanish Armada in 1588

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The Tudors HISTERIA!!!

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vfAmRSHRwADEcontext
  C3d37d39ADOEgsToPDskJgpN0xOlUdocWvV9h_qEAE

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GERMANY
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The Holy Roman Empire
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Other Reformers

• Anabaptists- Baptize Again-separation of
  Church- State-later become Mennonites Amish-
  influenced the Quakers and Baptists
• Catholic Reformation- Ignatius-founded the
  Jesuits-Build schools, convert non-Catholics,
  stop Protestant religions

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Council of Trent

• Churchs interpretation of Bible was final
• Christians needed faith AND good works for
  salvation
• Bible and the Church were both needed for guiding
  Christian life
• Indulgences were valid expressions of faith