THE ADVANTAGES OF ROAD-SIDE AIR POLLUTION DATA FOR IDENTIFYING PRIORITY IN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND URBAN HOTSPOT MONITORING

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THE ADVANTAGES OF ROAD-SIDE AIR POLLUTION DATA
FOR IDENTIFYING PRIORITY IN TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
AND URBAN HOTSPOT MONITORING

• Driejana1, Harmein Rahman2, Andria Sukowati3,
• Mahawira S.Dillon1 and Mega Octaviani1
• 1Air and Solid Waste Management Division
  2Transportation Engineering Division
• Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering,
  ITB, Bandung, INDONESIA
• 3West Java Environmental Protection Agency,
  Bandung, INDONESIA

Institut Teknologi Bandung
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Outline

• Background
• Methodology
• Results and Discussion
• Conclusion and recommendations

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Background (1)

• Indonesia has 34 automatic monitoring stations
  installed in 10 cities ? not enough (data on
  number of big cities)
• Monitoring can not cover spatial variations,
  e.g., hotspots in urban area ? health risk of
  short term exposure can not be evaluated
• Vehicle emission is one of the most significant
  source of pollution that could be controlled with
  traffic management

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Background (2)

• Continuous automatic monitoring is ideal but.
• Not enough equipment to cover the spatial
  variation
• problem in operation and maintenance costs

87 sites
34
34 sites
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Objectives

• To identify and examine parameters to be
  monitored at hotspots such as road-side in order
  to optimize urban air quality monitoring system
• To analyze the characteristic of road-side air
  quality as major information for service
  improvement with strategic traffic management

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Methodology

• Continuously measure of 30-minute average
  concentration of CO, PM10, NO, NO2, SO2, and O3
  at 5 road-side locations in Jakarta and 3 sites
  in Bandung using mobile monitoring for 1 week
• Analysing hourly and daily exceedances of
  pollutants
• Examining diurnal pattern of pollutant parameters
  in conjunction with traffic pattern
• Evaluating some options of traffic management

LOCATIONS OF MONITORING
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Results and Discussion Exceedances
Hourly and daily exceedances during one-week
monitoring
Hourly exceedances NO2 at 3 out of 5 location in
Jakarta and 1 location in Bandung
Daily exceedances - NO2 at all location in
Jakarta and 1 location in Bandung - PM10 at 2
locations in Jakarta
Number in red showing number of exceedances
occured
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Results and Discussion Pollutant Parameters

• NO2 is the parameter that shows more exceedances,
  both hourly and daily
• PM10 has daily exceedances
• PM10 and O3 are known as the critical parameter
  found in PSI (MoE, 2006)
• ? PM10 were found to be high at urban sites, and
  O3 at sub-urban sites (Driejana, 2003)
• ? Health impact of NO2 short-term exposure in
  urban area has been overlooked

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Result and Discussion Diurnal variation NOx

• Influence of traffic on NOx variation, but
  concentration still comply with hourly standard
• Need ambient monitoring to monitor traffic
  emission but do not need a real-time or short
  term exposure one
• Can be monitored by more economical approach such
  as passive sampler

• Hourly exceedances occurred
• May need short-term exposure monitoring
• Needs emission control from traffic activity

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Results and Discussion Categorization of
compliance

• Does not exceed standards
• Exceed the hourly AAQ standard only during
  certain period of time
• Exceed the hourly AAQ standard ambient for most
  of the time of the day
• Exceed the daily AAQ standard

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Discussion Traffic Management Options

• Link
• Reduce/eliminate side friction (p)
• One/two system (t)
• Road widening (p)
• Intersection
• Signaling (for un-signalized intersection) (p)
• Re-setting (for signalized intersection) (p)
• Approach geometric improvement (p)
• Traffic
• Sorting (t)
• Re-routing (Public Transport) (t)
• Limiting (t)
• Notes p permanent scheme t temporary

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Discussion Example of TM scheme
Temporary TM Scheme Implementation Period
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Conclusion and Recommendations (1)

• Available mobile monitoring can be utilised for
  screening the location and parameter to be
  monitored
• Selected monitoring for certain parameter based
  on priority will reduce the cost, while allowing
  better spatial coverage
• Roadside is a hotspot for NOx, the hourly
  exceedances are overlooked by the current
  reporting method
• Roadside data can be used to determine and
  evaluate traffic management scheme applied in the
  polluted area

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Conclusion and Recommendations (2)

• Air pollution parameters and its related traffic
  parameters define traffic management objective
  (volume and speed)
• The objective determine the suited traffic
  management scheme
• Temporary scheme solutions (one way system, 3 in
  1, traffic signal re-setting, sorting and
  re-routing of public transport) are suitable for
  controlling hourly concentration exceedance
• Permanent scheme solutions (reducing/eliminating
  side friction, widening, signaling, geometric
  improvement) should be used for controlling
  frequent hourly and daily concentration
  exceedance

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Acknowledgement

• Swisscontact and BPLHD DKI for providing the
  road-side monitoring data in Jakarta
• Joint Action Research of CIDA-AITs South East
  Asia - Urban Environmental Management Application
  Project (SEA UEMA) of the Faculty of Civil and
  Environmental Engineering ITB, Indonesia, West
  Java Environmental Protection Agency, Indonesia
  and the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand
• Thank you!
• driejana_at_indo.net.id

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