Phuong Pham

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GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN PROJECT DESIGN

• Phuong Pham
• PhD Candidate
• Gender and Development Studies/SERD/AIT

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What is gender mainstreaming???
Mainstreaming a gender perspective is a strategy
for making the concerns and experiences of women
as well as of men an integral part of the design,
implementation, monitoring and evaluation of
policies and programmes in all political,
economic and societal spheres, so that women and
men benefit equally, and inequality is not
perpetuated. The ultimate goal of mainstreaming
is to achieve gender equality July 1997, the
United Nations Economic and Social Council
(ECOSOC)
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What is Gender Mainstreaming?
Gender mainstreaming is a strategy developing
policies, legislation, programs, project, society
and communitys development plans from gender der
equality perspective in order benefit both women
and men.
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Why do we need Gender Mainstreaming?
Gender differentiated division of labour
Society and familys gender differentiated
expectations and
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Gender inequity related issues
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Gender division of labour
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Gender division of labour
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Society and familys gender differentiated
expectations and
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Objectives of mainstreaming gender issues
projects

• Reduce gender inequities that may exist in a
  given project area
• Ensure women and mens specific needs are
  satisfied, that they benefit from the project and
  that the project impacts positively on their
  lives
• Create the conditions for the equitable access of
  men and women to project resources and benefits
• Create the conditions for the equitable
  participation in project implementation and
  decision making processes.

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Three level of Gender Maistreaming

• At legislation, policies, strategies level
• At organization, department level
• At household, family level

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GENDER MAINSTREAMING IN PROJECT CYCLE
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CASE STUDIES- Milk production project in Nepal
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Project planning (1)
Goal Objectives Results Indicators Resources
To improve the living conditions of people, especially women in poor communities in Danang city 1. To develop the employment opportunities for both women and men of target group - Level of education of both women and men in the target area is improved - The vocational skills of both women and men in the target area are improved
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Project planning (2)
Goal Objectives Results Indicators Resources
To improve the living conditions of people, especially women in poor communities in Danang city 2. To improve economic opportunities for both women and men of the target group - Micro credit program is developed for the target group, especially women - The capacity and skills in running business of target group, especially women is increased

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Monitoring and EvaluationINDICATORS
SMART SMART SMART
S Specific Indicator has to be specific. It must be translated into operational terms and made visible
M Measureable Indicator has to be quantifiable, can be aggregated, and allow further statistical analysis of the data
A Achievable Indicators must be attainable at reasonable cost using appropriate method
R Relevant Indicators should be relevant to the management information needs of the people who will use the data
t Time bound Result or outcome being measured has a target date
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Monitoring and EvaluationINDICATORS
General indicators Gender sensitive indicators
Number of participants attended training Number of women and men attended the training
Number of farmers are able to do the farming with new technology Number of female and male farmers are able to do the farming with new technology
The staffs are competent enough to perform the task Female and male staffs are equally competent enough to perform the tasks
Number of director and deputy director of provincial department Number of female and male director and deputy director of provincial department
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To achieve its objectives regarding gender

• ? there is a strategy for mainstreaming gender
• ? staff have an awareness of gender sensitive
  issues
• ? the project incorporates methods which will
  facilitate the participation of both men and
  women
• ? the monitoring and evaluation system
  incorporates gender disaggregated data and
  provides gender impact indicators
• ? adequate human and financial resources are
  available.

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What to expect in a successful gender
mainstreaming project

• Equal participation by men and women in the
  decision-making processes for setting priorities
  and allocating resources
• Equal access to and control over societys
  opportunities, resources and development outcomes
  by women and men
• Equal recognition and status for men and women
• Women and men enjoy equal human rights
• Equal improvements in and standards of quality of
  life for women and men

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Crucial elements of a successful gender
mainstreaming project

• ? strengthening of gender aspects both
  conceptually and operationally in all project
  components
• ? the need to define strategies for
  operationalizing gender issues
• ? the need to define participatory strategies,
  practical tools and viable action plans for
  incorporating gender aspects in project
  components and subcomponents
• ? the need to develop and adjust training
  programmes in gender at project coordination
  unit, beneficiary and intermediary levels the
  need to identify gender sensitive indicators for
  project monitoring and evaluation
• ? the need for projects to offer more profitable
  productive activities for both men and women

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Basic Principles of Gender Mainstreaming (1) 

•  Adequate accountability mechanisms for
  monitoring progress need to be established. 
•  The initial identification of issues and
  problems across all area(s) of activity should be
  such that gender differences and disparities can
  be diagnosed. 
•  Assumptions that issues or problems are
  neutral from a gender-equality perspective should
  never be made. 
•  Gender analysis should always be carried out. 

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Basic Principles of Gender Mainstreaming (2)

•  Clear political will and allocation of adequate
  resources for mainstreaming, including additional
  financial and human resources if necessary, are
  important for translation of the concept into
  practice. 
•  Gender mainstreaming requires that efforts be
  made to broaden women's equitable participation
  at all levels of decision-making. 
•  Mainstreaming does not replace the need for
  targeted, women-specific policies and programmes,
  and positive legislation nor does it do away
  with the need for gender units or focal points

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CASE STUDIES Successful example of gender
mainstreaming project

• Case study in Ninh Binh cho ph? n? h? nghèo vay
  v?n tín d?ng

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Exercise

• The Co Tu in Quang Nam province
• Gender issues highly patriarchal, women do all
  the all, women are not involved in decision
  making process. Men used to do hunting but its
  no longer legal.
• Major livelihoods upland shifting cultivation,
  NTFPs gathering
• High poverty rate
• gt design a gender mainstreaming livelihood
  improvement project