History of the Development of the Cell Theory

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History of the Development of the Cell Theory
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I. The Microscope 
A. Zacharias Janssen _at_1590-1595
1. Invented the microscope (compound
microscope)
2. Dutch spectacle maker
3. consisted of two tubes that slid within one
another and had a lens at each end
4. focused by sliding the tubes in and out
5. This advanced microscope had a 3 to 9
times power of magnification
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B. Robert Hooke
1. 1665 English Physicist
2. Improved microscope
3. 1665 First observation of cells (not alive)
a. viewed slices of cork
b. saw compartments
4. Coined the term cells
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5. Robert Hooke published his work in the
scientific journal Micrographia
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C. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
1. 1673 Dutch Merchant
2. First observation of living cells
(Microorganisms)
3. Improve lenses (up to 266 x with single lens)
4. Leeuwenhoeks simple microscope
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5. published illustrations of his own hair,
blood, sperm cells, skin protozoans
6. first to describe all three shapes of bacteria
1. cocci spherical singular coccus Fig E.
2. bacilli rod shaped singular
bacillus Figures A, B, F
3. spirillia spiral shaped singular
spirillus Figure G
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Electron Microscope
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II. Discoveries Leading to Understanding of Cells
A. Francesco Redi -- 1668
Attempted to disprove spontaneous generation.
Spontaneous generation The idea that life can
generate from nothing.
1. Performed experiments with meat, flies and
maggots to prove that flies can only come
from other flies.
2. Scientific community said he was wrong.
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B. Carolus Linnaeus
1735 Binomial nomenclature for organisms
C. Edward Jenner
a. 1798 American Physician
b. First vaccine (small pox)
D. Lazzaro Spallanzani
1. late 1700s an Italian naturalist (a type of
scientist) who also attempted to disprove the
Theory of Spontaneous Generation.
2. almost one hundred years after Redi tried to
disprove this by performing a controlled
experiment with broth
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E. Ignaz Semmelweis
a. 1840 English Physician Worked with
Childbirth Fever
b. Noted that healthy women giving birth in
hospital got sick and so did their babies
c. Noted that surgeons did not wash their hands
between patients
d. Made surgeons and nurses wash their hand in
chlorinated water between patients.
F. John Snow
1. 1854 Physician during cholera outbreak in
London
2. First to take patient histories (found people
were all using same water source)
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G. Louis Pasteur -- 1822 1895
1. 1857 Fermentation
2. 1861 Disproved spontaneous generation
using a swan-necked flask.
3. 1864 Invented Pasteurization Process to stop
bacteria from souring wine.
H. Joseph Lister
1. 1867 Discovered the compounds phenols
2. Aseptic Surgery Techniques
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I. Robert Koch
1. 1876 Germ theory of Disease
2. 1881 cultures
3. 1882 Discovered causative agent for
tuberculosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis
4. 1883 Discovered causative agent for
cholera Vibrio cholerae
J. Alexander Fleming
1. 1928
2. Accidentally discovered penicillin
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K. Matthias Schleiden
1. 1865 German Botanist
2. Proved through scientific observation that
all plants and all plant parts are made of cells.
L. Theodore Schwann
1. 1866 German Zoologist
2. Proved through scientific observation that
all animals and all animal parts are made of
cells.
M. Rudolf Virchow
1. 1886 German Cell Biologist
2. Proved through scientific observation that
living cells can come only from other living
cells.
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Because of the work of Schleiden, Schwann, and
Virchow
and others over many years of work
a theory of the nature of all living cells was
developed.
The Cell Theory
All living things are made of cells, or are
themselves living cells.
Cells are the basic units of structure and
function of all living things.
Living cells can only come from other living
cells.
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