Chapter 4 pgs' 6976 The history of the Cell Theory

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Chapter 4 pgs. 69-76 The history of the Cell
Theory

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Microscopes make seeing cells possible!

• Early microscopes in 1590 when glass lenses
  could be polished

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Robert Hooke

• in 1665 - First to coin term Cell
• Looked at Cork
• Looked really at a dead plant cell
• Only saw the cell wall

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Anton Van Leeuwenhoek

• 1600s
• Made lenses that could magnify more.
• Observed many living organisms
• Looking at Protists called them Wee Beasties

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• Late 1800s Charles Spencer developed the
  modern day compound light microscope
• Can magnify an object up to 1000 times!
• Scientists start looking at everything under the
  microscope and they notice
• Every living thing seems to be made up of small
  units called cells!

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Birth of the cell theory
1838 Matthias Schleiden concludes all plants
made up of cells
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Birth of the cell theory

• 1839 Theodore Schwann concludes all animals are
  composed of cells

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Birth of the cell theory

• 1850 - Rudolf Virchow reported that every living
  thing is made of vital units, known as cells. He
  also predicted that cells come from other cells.

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The Cell Theory

• All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

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The Cell Theory

• The cell is the basic unit of organization of
  organisms.

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The Cell Theory

• All cells come from preexisting cells.
• Cells only come from cells.
• Reproduction asexual or sexual

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Two Basic Cell Types

• Prokaryotic Cells

Characteristics

• Lacks membrane bound organelles
• Genetic Material free floating
• Cell wall
• VERY SMALL needs little organization!

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Prokaryotic Cell

• Examples are bacteria
• Compare to eukaryotic cell

Cluster of bacteria
Cheek cell
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Two Basic Cell Types

• Eukaryotic Cells

Characteristics
Unicellular or Multicellular contains
membrane-bound organelles to organize
processes can grow to larger sizes because of
organelles
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Eukaryotic Cells

• Examples
• Some algae
• Fungi
• Plant cells
• All animal cells

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Plant and animal cells

• Plants cells typically
• Surrounded by rigid cell wall
• Have a very large central vacuole to hold water
• Contain chloroplasts

• Animal cells typically
• Dont have cell walls
• Have many small vacuoles
• Dont have chloroplasts!

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Animal cell human cheek
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Animal cell - Frog blood
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Plant cell elodea leaf
chloroplast
Plasma membrane
Cell wall
Nucleus (not always possible to see)
cytoplasm
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Plant cell onion bulb
Chloroplasts are used in photosynthesis why are
they not found in these onion cells???
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A much more magnified image of a cell using a
transmission electron microscope plant or
animal??
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Organelles of the Cell

• Plasma Membrane Fluid Mosaic Model
• Lipid Bilayer
• Contains
• Polar non-polar lipids

Function Regulates movement of molecules in and
out of cell
Found in BOTH Animal and Plant Cells
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Plasma Membrane

• Hydrophilic End
• Head
• Water loving
• Hydrophobic
• Tail
• Water Hating

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Cell Wall

• Found in Plant , Bacteria, and some protists.

Made up of 3 basiclayers.
Gives Structure and Support to the cells.
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Nucleus

• Control center of the cell
• 4 layers thick
• Double membrane
• Contains nuclear plasma

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Parts of the Nucleus

• Nucleolus
• Houses material for making of proteins

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Parts of the nucleus

• Chromatin
• Genetic material
• DNA
• Chromosomes
• Chromatids

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Cytoplasm

• Colloidal system
• Clear fluid
• Transportation of materials through the cell.

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Endoplasmic Recticulum

• Two types

Rough ER Contains Ribosomes
Smooth ER No Ribosomes
Function Transportation of materials highways
of the cell
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Rough or Smooth?
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Golgi Apparatus

• Also called the Golgi Body
• UPS of the cell.
• Packages molecules up and ships them out to other
  parts of the cell or to other cells.
• Stack of flattened membranes

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Golgi Apparatus
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Vacuoles and Storage

• Found in plant animal cells.
• Store mostly water
• Some store food, waste, enzymes and other
  materials.
• VERY large in Plants
• Why?

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Vacuoles and Storage

• Contractile Vacoules
• Found in single celled animals.
• Pumps water in and out.

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Lysosomes

• Garbage Disposals of the cell.
• Get rid of waste.
• Contain digestive enzymes and digest worn out
  cell parts, viruses or bacteria.

Also called the suicide sacks of the cell .
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Mitochondria and Energy

• Food Molecules are broken down into energy called

ATP
Has its own DNA - very cool!!!
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Mitochondria and Energy

• Folds are called Cristae

Outer and Inner membrane.
Once lived outside of other cells.
Isnt this the best!
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Chloroplast

• Also called a Plastid
• Only found in Plant Cells.
• Site of Photosynthesis
• Also contains its own DNA.

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Chloroplast

• Contains Chlorophyll

• Stacks of thylakoids.

P I C T U r
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Microtubules Microfilaments

• Structure and Support
• Centrioles cell division.

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Movement

• Cilia hair-like structures used for movement.

Flagella whip-like structure used for movement.
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