Title: Types of Phrases
1 Types of Phrases
2 A phrase is
- A group of related words that is used as a single
part of speech. - A phrase is a group of words that does not have
both a subject and a predicate, so it is never a
complete sentence.
3Three types of phrases
- Prepositional phrases
- Appositive phrases
- Verbals and verb phrases
4Prepositional Phrases
- Contain a preposition (those small words of
locationin, on, under, over, beside, etc.) - Have a preposition and a noun, and sometimes a
word in between. - On the road Beside the ducks
- Over the river from Grandma
- To the gym in my backpack
5How to remember prepositional phrases
- Think about anywhere a cat can go.
- Over the chair Under my car tire
- Around the circle Of my friend
- (Oops! Not foolproof)
- Through the yard
6Second kind of phrase
- APPOSITIVE
- This type of phrase gives information which helps
us be POSITIVE that we know what is being
discussed.
7Appositive Phrases
- In each of the examples, the underlined part is
the appositive. - Larry, the plumber, fixed the sink.
- An excellent dancer, Rebecca took years of
lessons. - Miss Piggy, Kermits girlfriend, won first prize,
a pot-bellied pig.
8NEXT PHRASE TYPEVerbals
- When a word that looks like a verb really
functions as a different part of speech in a
sentence, it is called a VERBAL.
9Huh? A verb that isnt really a verb is a verbal??
This is stupid. I dont get it.
10Important Concept The part of speech depends on
how a word is used in a real sentence.
11- There are three types of verbal phrases
- Infinitive
- Participle
- Gerund
Grammar is stupid. Grammar is stupid. Grammar is
stupid.
12One type of Verbal phrase InfinitiveClue
look for the word to next to what looks like a
verb. Example Sam likes to eat.
13- EXPLANATION
- Sam likes to eat.
- It seems like eat is just a verb, but when its
with the word to, the two words together are
telling us WHAT Sam likes to do. - That makes the phrase to eat a noun.
14Dont forget look for the to next to what
looks like a verb.
15Another type of verbal participle
- A participle is a word ending in -ing or in -ed
that helps describe something. - Participles function as adjectives because they
describe or explain.
16Three examples of participles. We watched an
exhausting Powerpoint. The receiver made a
diving catch. The man admired the painted barn.
17Wait! Shouldnt diving be a verb? It sounds
like action!
- It depends on the sentence. Here, diving
describes the catch, so its an adjective. - It might be a bobbled catch or a leaping catch,
but it is a diving one.
18Participial phrases
- Participles can also be in phrases. Look for
ing or ed. - The people standing in line grew irritated.
- Which people? The ones standing in line.
- Determined to make the team, Jo shot baskets
every night. - For what reason did Jo shoot? Because shes
determined to make the team.
19Third type of phrase Gerund
- A gerund ends in ing
- A gerund always functions as a noun.
20Gerunds end in -ing
- You can learn a lot from studying.
- You can learn a lot from what? Studying.
- You could hear laughing all the way down the
hall. - What could you hear? Laughing.
- If you can ask a what question, and the word
answers it, then it is a nouna gerund.
21Gerunds in phrases
- A gerund can also be in a phrase
- Laura enjoyed vacationing in Michigan.
- Laura enjoyed what? Vacationing in Michigan.
22REVIEW
- A phrase is a group of words that functions as a
single part of speech. - A phrase doesnt have both a subject and a verb,
so it is never a complete sentence.
23The three types of phrases are
- Prepositional
- Appositive
- Verbals and verb phrases
- Participial (Adjective)
- Gerund (noun)
- Infinitive (has the word to verb)
24Important
- While it is not necessary, for the most part, to
know the difference between all the types of
phrases, it is important to know what phrases are
because many punctuation rules are based on being
able to identify phrases and clauses.