Types of Phrases

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Types of Phrases
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• Questions for your Cornell notes
• What is a phrase?
• What are the three types of phrases?
• What is prepositional phrase?
• What does a prepositional phrase do?
• What is an appositive phrase?
• What is an example of an appositive phrase?
• What is a verb phrase?
• What are the types of verb phrases?
• What is a participle phrase? Write an example!
• What is an infinitive phrase? Write an Example!
• What is a gerund? Write an example!

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A phrase is

• A group of related words that is used as a single
  part of speech.
• A phrase is a group of words that does not have
  both a subject and a predicate, so it is never a
  complete sentence.

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Three types of phrases

• Prepositional phrases
• Appositive phrases
• Verbals and verb phrases

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Prepositional Phrases

• Contain a preposition (those small words of
  locationin, on, under, over, beside, etc.)
• Have a preposition and a noun, and sometimes a
  word in between.
• On the road Beside the ducks
• Over the river from Grandma
• To the gym in my backpack

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How to remember prepositional phrases

• Think about anywhere a cat can go.
• Over the chair Under my car tire
• Around the circle Of my friend
• (Oops! Not foolproof)
• Through the yard

VIDEO FOR PREPOSITIONS! https//www.youtube.com/w
atch?vbyszemY8Pl8
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Second kind of phrase

• APPOSITIVE
• This type of phrase gives information which helps
  us be POSITIVE that we know what is being
  discussed.

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Appositive Phrases

• In each of the examples, the underlined part is
  the appositive.
• Larry, the plumber, fixed the sink.
• An excellent dancer, Rebecca took years of
  lessons.
• Miss Piggy, Kermits girlfriend, won first prize,
  a pot-bellied pig.

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NEXT PHRASE TYPEVerbals

• When a word that looks like a verb really
  functions as a different part of speech in a
  sentence, it is called a VERBAL.

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Huh? A verb that isnt really a verb is a verbal??
This is stupid. I dont get it.
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Important Concept The part of speech depends on
how a word is used in a real sentence.
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• There are three types of verbal phrases
• Participle
• Infinitive
• Gerund

Grammar is stupid. Grammar is stupid. Grammar is
stupid.
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A type of verbal participle

• A participle is a word ending in -ing or in -ed
  that helps describe something.
• Participles function as adjectives because they
  describe or explain.

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Three examples of participles. We watched an
exhausting Powerpoint. The receiver made a
diving catch. The man admired the painted barn.
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Wait! Shouldnt diving be a verb? It sounds
like action!

• It depends on the sentence. Here, diving
  describes the catch, so its an adjective.
• It might be a bobbled catch or a leaping catch,
  but it is a diving one.

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Participial phrases

• Participles can also be in phrases. Look for
  ing or ed.
• The people standing in line grew irritated.
• Which people? The ones standing in line.
• Determined to make the team, Jo shot baskets
  every night.
• For what reason did Jo shoot? Because shes
  determined to make the team.

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Another type of Verbal phrase InfinitiveClue
look for the word to next to what looks like a
verb. Example Sam likes to eat.
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• EXPLANATION
• Sam likes to eat.
• It seems like eat is just a verb, but when its
  with the word to, the two words together are
  telling us WHAT Sam likes to do.
• That makes the phrase to eat a noun.

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Dont forget look for the to next to what
looks like a verb.
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Third type of phrase Gerund

• A gerund ends in ing
• A gerund always functions as a noun.

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Gerunds end in -ing

• You can learn a lot from studying.
• You can learn a lot from what? Studying.
• You could hear laughing all the way down the
  hall.
• What could you hear? Laughing.
• If you can ask a what question, and the word
  answers it, then it is a nouna gerund.

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Gerunds in phrases

• A gerund can also be in a phrase
• Laura enjoyed vacationing in Michigan.
• Laura enjoyed what? Vacationing in Michigan.

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REVIEW

• A phrase is a group of words that functions as a
  single part of speech.
• A phrase doesnt have both a subject and a verb,
  so it is never a complete sentence.

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The three types of phrases are

• Prepositional
• Appositive
• Verbals and verb phrases
• Participial (Adjective)
• Gerund (noun)
• Infinitive (has the word to verb)

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Important

• While it is not necessary, for the most part, to
  know the difference between all the types of
  phrases, it is important to know what phrases are
  because many punctuation rules are based on being
  able to identify phrases and clauses.