The New South

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The New South
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Bourbon Triumvirate

• Redemption Era period after Reconstruction and
  before the New South
• Redeem the state from the hardships of
  Reconstruction (i.e.The Republican Party)
• The Bourbon Triumvirate Joseph Brown, Alfred
  Colquitt, and John Gordon
• Democrats who wanted stronger economic ties with
  northern industry but maintain old South
  traditions (White Supremacy)

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The Bourbon Triumvirate

• Successes
• State taxes lowered
• State war debts reduced
• Business and industry expanded

• Failures
• Did not improve lives of poor
• Education suffered
• Did not reform prisons
• Poor working conditions in factories

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HENRY GRADY The New South

• New South A phrase by Henry Grady, a journalist,
  used to describe southern progress in the late
  1800sIndustry!
• His goal was to change Georgias economy from
  agriculture to industry

Henry W. Grady
The international Cotton Exposition
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The International Cotton Exposition

• In 1881, as part of his New South Program, Henry
  Grady promoted Georgia's first International
  Cotton Exposition
• The exposition or fair attracted 200,000 paid
  visitors during its two and a half month run and
  showed the country that Georgia was ready for
  more industry

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Tom Watson

• Georgias best known Populist.
• 1882 elected to Georgia General Assembly
• 1890 elected to Congress with backing of
  Farmers Alliance
• Introduced the Rural Free Delivery Bill (RFD)
  required the postmaster general to find a way to
  deliver mail to rural homes free of charge

Tom Watson, Populist
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Populist

• Populism was a political party know as the People
  Party.
• The populist wanted the government to do more to
  regulate the economy so that farmers could earn
  more money for their crops.
• Populist encouraged farmers to work together for
  their cause through alliances
• Most of these farmers were white, but were some
  African-American Populists

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Rebecca Felton

• A leader towards suffrage-votes, particularly for
  women.
• Pushed for temperance-anti-alcohol
• Began Georgia Training School for Girls in
  Atlanta
• With Margaret Olivia Slocum Sage
• First female U.S. Senator in nations history
• Replaced another Senator due to death (24 hours

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The 1906 Atlanta Riot

• Occurred Sept. 22nd- Sept. 24, 1906
• The black population grew from 9000 in 1880 to
  35, 000 in 1910.
• Growth caused increased competition for jobs and
  deepened class divisions.
• Articles printed in local newspapers evoked
  racial tension to riot level.
• 2 day rioting resulted in an unofficial death
  toll of 25-40 blacks and 2 whites

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The Trial of Leo Frank

• 1913 man accused of killing a 14-year-old
  employee, Mary Phagan in Atlanta
• Mr. Frank was a Jewish man from New York
• Little evidence against Mr. Frank, but he was
  convicted and sentenced to death
• Governor Slaton changed death sentence to life
  imprisonment
• Armed men took Frank from the prison, and he was
  lynched
• White supremacist Ku Klux Klan reborn as a result

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The County Unit System

• 1917 Neil Primary Act created county unit
  system
• Plan designed to give small counties more power
  in state government
• Smaller counties had more county unit votes
  even though they had fewer voters
• People could be elected to office without getting
  a majority of votes
• Declared unconstitutional in 1962

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Jim crow laws

• Jim Crow - term used for practices and rules that
  discriminate along color lines.
• System of segregation
• Jim Crow was the stage name of a white minstrel
  who performed in Black face makeup in the late
  1800s.
• His act caricatured black people.
• The name Jim Crow came to stand for all the
  segregation laws that were instituted in the
  South after the Civil War.

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Ple ssy v. Ferguson

• The Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court

• Court case heard in the Supreme Court
• Case originated in Lousiana in 1896
• Upheld segregation and ruled legal as long as
  facilities were separate but equal
• Ruling in this case justified racial segregation
  for 50 years

The Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court
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DISENFRANCHISEMENT

• TO TAKE AWAY THE RIGHT TO VOTE, IN THIS CASE
  AFRICAN AMERICANS
• HOW? SEE NEXT SLIDE

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A Loss of Voting Rights

• Laws created to keep African Americans in Georgia
  from voting
• Grandfather clause only those men whose fathers
  or grandfathers were eligible to vote in 1867
  could vote
• Poll tax a tax paid to vote
• Voters had to own property
• Voters had to pass a literacy test (which was
  determined by the poll worker and could be
  different for different people)

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Booker T. Washington

• Outstanding civil rights leader of the era
• President of Tuskegee Institute in Alabama
• Supported good relations between blacks and
  whites
• Worked to improve the lives of African Americans
  through economic independence
• Believed social and political equality would come
  with improved economic conditions and education
• Famous Atlanta Compromise speech (1895)

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W. E. B. DuBois

• Professor at Atlanta University
• Believed in action if African Americans and
  whites were to understand and accept each other
• Thought Booker T. Washington was too accepting of
  social injustice

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John Hope

• Civil rights leader from Augusta, GA
• President of Atlanta University
• Like DuBois, believed that African Americans
  should actively work for equality
• Part of group that organized NAACP- National
  Association for the Advancement of Colored People
• Hopes wife, Lugenia, worked to improve
  sanitation, roads, healthcare and education for
  African American neighborhoods in Atlanta

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Who is Alonzo Herndon?

• Was a Georgia native who became the wealthiest
  Black man in the city of Atlanta at the time of
  his death in1927.
• His businesses include a chain of barbershops and
  the most successful
• black-owned insurance co. in the nation.
• He owned 100 houses on Auburn Avenue.
• He was active an active member of the NAACP and
  founded the National Negro Business League.

Alonzo Herndon
Alonzo Herndons house