South African Apartheid

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South African Apartheid
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What is it?

• A South African policy of complete legal
  separation of the races
• Banned all social contact between blacks and
  whites
• Allowed the ruling white minority to control and
  terrorize the black majority
• This is all LEGAL!

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What does it look like?

• Write a caption for what the person in the
  picture is thinking

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• All citizens were classified by race (LAW).
• A Black South African must carry a passbook
  issued by the white Government (LAW).
• Blacks were required to carry passes that
  determined where they could live and work.

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• The Group Areas Act It forced people of certain
  races into living in designated areas.
• There were racially segregated beaches and public
  areas (LAW).
• Race laws touched every aspect of social life,
  including prohibiting marriage between non-whites
  and whites and the sanctioning of white-only''
  jobs (LAW).

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• The government designated white and colored
  areas.
• This is a white school campuslook at the
  buildings and the field.
• Schools were segregated and black schools had to
  teach the white curriculum. (LAW)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?v-f60oe_xScsfeature
  related (Sarafina 946)

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• The government separated residential areas.
• Blacks were relocated to new homelandsusually
  the poorest areas with horrible farm land (LAW).
• South African citizenship was taken away and
  black townships had curfews.
• These are houses in Soweto, a black township.

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More Laws

• Blacks could NOT vote or own property (LAW)
• Each black homeland controlled its own separate
  education, health and police system.
• Blacks were not allowed to buy hard liquor. They
  were able to buy poor quality beer
• Public beaches, swimming pools, bridges,
  drive-ins, graveyards, parks, and public toilets
  were segregated (LAW)
• Movie theatres in white areas were not allowed to
  admit blacksthere were practically no cinemas in
  black areas
• Restaurants and hotels in white areas were not
  allowed to admit blacks except as staff
• Black Africans were prohibited from attending
  white churches

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• Segregated public facilities in Johannesburg,
  1985.
• Schools were segregated and students learned
  white curriculum and spoke in Afrikaaners
  language of the white Dutch settlers (LAW).
• Black schools were intentionally under-funded.

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Apartheid video clips

• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vgZnetAveDLM (Cry
  Freedom beginning to trial)
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vKRaFRCAPWJk
  (Sarafina 1620 4526)

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What was it like in South Africa?

• How did the blacks of South Africa live?
• What were some laws?
• Describe life for the blacks
• WATCH CRY FREEDOM and make a list

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Apartheid Day 2

• Rise of Resistance Movements

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What would you do?

• Would you consider fighting back? How? You have
  no rights, no power

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• Children of Soweto, a Black township some ten
  miles away from Johannesburg, in 1982. The Zulu
  world "Amandla" scrawled on the wall means
  "Power". This was adopted as a rallying call in
  the struggle for Black rights.

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Resistance Movements

• The African National Congress was established
  (ANC) organized marches, boycotts and strikes
• Student peaceful protests and women boycotted
  white stores and the buses
• Black Consciousness

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Resistance

• 1960 Sharpeville Massacre- 69 people (women and
  students) killed by South African police
• 1974- SA expelled from UN and 1976- banned from
  Olympics
• 1976- student protests- 600 killed, thousands
  arrested

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Steven Biko

• Black Consciousness leader who believed that
  political freedom could only come to black South
  Africans if and when they begin to stop feeling
  inferior to whites
• Raised awareness around world to the issue of
  apartheid
• http//www.youtube.com/watch?vyo4aX2veRVY (trial
  speech)

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Steven Biko

• Arrested, put on trial, and died Sept. 22, 1977
  from head wounds while in police custody
• Since his death in police custody, he has been
  called a martyr of the anti-apartheid movement
• While living, his writings and activism attempted
  to empower black people, and he was famous for
  his slogan "black is beautiful", which he
  described as meaning "man, you are okay as you
  are, begin to look upon yourself as a human
  being".
• Considered a hero

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Steven Biko

• He wasnt the devil, as they made him out to be.
  He was a man, just like you and me. Yet he
  suffered immense pain and deadly injuries to
  insure no others would have to see the horror he
  saw before he ceased to breathe.  
• God Bless Stephen Biko  
•           -Steve Shep
• Peter Gabriel and Biko

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Nelson Mandela

• Born in 1918 to the chief of the Tembu Tribe
• University educated
• Received a law degree
• Joined African National Congress in 1944 and
  helped with the resistance movement
• In 1961 he created a new group within the ANC
  that wanted to use violent tactics
• He was arrested and after several trials was
  given life in prison for plotting to overthrow
  the government (for treason)

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Nelson Mandela

• While in prison he continued to be a symbol and
  leader of the resistance movement
• President de Klerk was instrumental in releasing
  Mandela in February 1990 and allowing the ANC
• He and de Klerk worked to create a new
  constitution for all people in South Africa
• In 1994 Mandela was elected at the first black
  South African Presidenteveryone voted!
• Mandela and de Klerk won the Nobel Peace Prize in
  1993
• Invictushttp//www.youtube.com/watch?vZSpSoO2zsu
  g (Reason above emotion 356)

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F.W. de Klerk

• South African president in 1990 (White man)
• Freed Nelson Mandela
• Ended apartheid
• Worked with Mandela to re-write the constitution
  giving all freedoms and rights
• Won Nobel Peace Prize with Mandela

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FW deKlerk and Nelson Mandela
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Taking a Stand

• Just imagine what one person can do to make a
  change.
• All it takes sometimes is one brave person to
  take a stand
• If Everyone Cared