Conflict Analysis for Conflict Sensitive Programming

1
Tools for Understanding Relationships in
Resilience Interventions
2
Rapid Analysis Tools

• Relationship Diagram
• Resource/Services and Relationship Mapping

3
Relationship Diagram

• KEY QUESTIONS
• Who are the community stakeholders in the area
  that affect resilience?
• What are the relationships between the
  communities, including dependencies, points of
  interaction and tension.?
• How do communities define a good and bad
  relationship?
• What type of interactions social, economic,
  etc. - are associated with good and bad
  relationships?
• How often do community members interact with
  people from conflicting communities?

4
Relationship Diagram

• Draw circles of community stakeholders in the
  livelihood system
• Illustrate relationships among actors using a key
  that identifies the relationships
• Interview the key to understand more about the
  relationships

5
Relationship Diagram Example
6
Relationship Diagram
Type of Relationship Type of Line
Very Bad Relationship
Bad Relationship
Neutral Relationship
Good Relationship
Very Good Relationship
7
Relationship Diagram

• Question 1 Ask, Would you describe the
  relationship between A and B as very good, good,
  neutral, bad, or very bad?
• Question 2 Ask for all , Why do you describe
  the relationship between A and B as good or bad?
  What are the reasons for the bad relationship?
• What are the reasons for the good relationship?
•  
• Question 3 For all relationships, ask, In the
  past 3 months, have there been any interactions
  between A and B? If so, what kind of
  interactions? 
• Question 4 Among communities that have a
  bad/very bad relationship, do you see any benefit
  from/need of interacting with these communities?
  What type of benefits? Why are these important?
• Question 5 What is required to improve or
  strengthen the relationships among the
  communities?

8
Tool 2 Internal Actor Mapping

• Key Questions
• Who are the key actors in each community who both
  mitigate and aggravate conflict?
• What are the (perceived) motivations of these
  actors?
• Which internal actors have the greatest influence
  on the conflict?
• What is needed to stop certain actors from
  aggravating conflict? What might motivate these
  actors to become peace promoters?

9
Tool 2 Internal Actor Mapping

• Brainstorm a list of internal actors
• Prioritize 5 key internal Actors
• Discuss how these actors influence conflict
  positively, negatively, or both
• Ask why/how these actors impact conflict
  positively or negatively
• Discuss how powerful is the actors impact on the
  conflict
• Rank the influence of the different actors
  relative to each other

10
Tool 2 Internal Actor Mapping
Actor Positive Influence/ Rank Strength of Influence Negative Influence Strength of - influence/ Rank
Actor A -2 to -1 1 or 2
Actor B
Actor C
Actor D
Actor E
11
Resource and Relationship Mapping

• Key Questions
• What resources/services does the community use?
  Where are these resources/services located?
• What resources/services are used by other
  communities?
• Which resource, or service areas are peacefully
  shared and which are a source of tension? Where
  are these resources located?
• Why are certain resources peacefully shared? Why
  are certain resources a source of tension?
• How does tension affect resource and market
  access?
• What relationships exist between conflict and the
  location of boundaries, settlements, and
  livelihoods-related resources?

12
Resource and Relationship Mapping

• Ask the community to brainstorm what
  resources/services exist in their community
• Develop a map key for the major resources
  (including roads, mountains, and rivers/lakes)
• Ask the community to start the map by drawing
  major landmarks, and then adding additional
  resources
• Interview the map

13
Resource and Relationship Mapping
14
Resource and Relationship Mapping

• Key Questions
• What resources/services does the community use?
  Where are these resources/services located?
• What resources/services are used by other
  communities?
• Which resource, or service areas are peacefully
  shared and which are a source of tension? Where
  are these resources located?
• Why are certain resources peacefully shared? Why
  are certain resources a source of tension?
• How does tension affect resource and market
  access?
• What relationships exist between conflict and the
  location of boundaries, settlements, and
  livelihoods-related resources?

15
For more information
16
Tool 3 Conflict Timeline

• Key Questions
• What have been the historical periods of conflict
  between the two conflicting communities?
• What have been the historical triggering factors
  of conflict?
• What contributed to times of peace?
• What is the current situation relative to the
  past?
• What could be the conflict scenario in the near
  future?

17
Tool 3 Conflict Timeline

• Ask participants to identify significant periods
  in their history
• Draw a blank timeline representing those periods
• Beginning with the first period, ask them to
  identify any major conflicts in that period
• Ask them to identify other conflicts that
  happened in that period?
• Interview the timeline

18
Tool 3 Conflict Timeline

• What triggered the conflict?
• What happened during the conflict?
• What were the consequences of the conflict?
• Describe the relationships among communities
  immediately following the conflict?
• Describe the relationships among communities
  during times of peace?
• What contributed to moments of peace?

19
Exercise 2

• Divide into 3 groups
• Divide the group into
• 6 community members
• 4-5 facilitators 2 facilitators, 2 notetakers
• 2 observers
• Community members refer to case study
• Facilitators refer to tool guides, and interview
  community on tool

20
Discussion

• Did you learn anything new/ different about the
  context when implementing the tool?
• What challenges did you encounter?
• Where/how do you think this tool would be useful
  in your context?

21
Tool 4 Conflict Layers Analysis

• What are the surface issues in the conflict?
• What are the underlying causes of the conflict?
• What are the common needs of the parties involved
  in the conflict?

22
Tool 4 Conflict Layers Analysis
23
Tool 4 Conflict Layers Analysis
24
Tool 4 Conflict Layers Analysis

• Gather information about the conflict context.
• Complete the following matrix
• Identify areas for further exploration/probing

Stakeholder Positions Interests Needs



25
Tool 4 Conflict Layers Analysis

• Positions surface issues that prevent us from
  addressing the conflict are not negotiable
• Interests provide opportunities for
  negotiation, mediation and finding common ground
• Needs create conditions for building
  relationships and strengthening peace

26
Steps in implementing rapid conflict analysis

• Broadly identify key issues and stakeholders in
  the area
• Identify tools most appropriate to your context
• Identify key stakeholder groups
• Identify sub-groups which may have a different
  opinion
• Select one facilitator and notetaker
• Select an appropriate local venue
• Conduct selected tools with focus groups in each
  stakeholder community, using each tool at least
  once with each sub-group in community
• Conduct rapid write-up of results and conduct
  debrief with field team

27
Key Considerations in Conflict Analysis

• Looking at perceptions, not fact
• Multiple voices within and among communities
• Dynamic nature of conflict
• Position of interviewer on results
• Impact of conflict analysis on conflict context
• Selecting tools based on overall context, project
  design and timeframe

28
Points for Community and Government Trainings

• Community
• Conflict concepts can be introduced by asking
  communities for visual representations
• Conflict Sensitivity can be introduced through a
  drama and visual representation of the case study
• Conducting tools with community, rather than
  teaching them the tools can assist in the
  discussion of CS
• Government
• Do not introduce history/background of CS in part
  I
• Conflict Analysis Tools can be acted out based on
  local conflict context of that area