?????????????1946 ??????????????????,??? ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator )?

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?????????????1946 ??????????????????,??? ENIAC
(Electronic Numerical Integrator and Calculator )?
??18000??????6000?????7000????10000?????50????,??3
0?,??170???,??140??,????5000???/??
???????????,?????????????????????????,????????????
???????????????????????
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????????????????,20??40???50?????????
?????????20??50??????,????????,????????
1964?4?IBM360????,??????????????????????
70???,?????????????????????,?????????????????
4
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80 ????????????,?????????????????,????????????????
?????,??????,????????
??,?????????????????????????????????????? ????????
????,????????????????? ??????????????,???????????
????
5
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?1?1972????8????? Intel 8008,??????????????P??MOS
?? ?2?1973????,?????????N??MOS???8???????????Int
el?Intel 8085?Motorola?M6800?Zilog?Z80?
?3?1978????,????H-MOS????16????????????Intel?Int
el 8086
6
??
?4?1985?????????????32?????,?????Intel?Intel
80386?Zilog?Z8000??????HP-32? ?5?1993?Intel?????
??32???????Pentium,???????64?,?????66 -
200MHz ?6?1998?Intel????Pentium??Celeron,?????Pe
ntium ???????????32???????,?????300 - 860
MHz,?????????????
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??????

• ????-1

????(µP,MP-microprocessor)????????????????,????
?????????????,???????? ???????????(CPU-Central
Processing Unit),???? (MPU-Microprocessing Unit)
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• ????-2

?????(microcomputer)??µC?MC,????????,??????????
????????????????,??????????
???????????????????????????????????????,??????????
??????????
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• ????-3

??????? (microcomputer system)??µCS?MCS,???????
???,?????????????????(????),??????????????????????
?
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(No Transcript)
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?????????????????????????? ???????? ????????????
?????????????? ???????,?????????
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????-??????????,??????? ??????????,????????? ???(?
????)-????????????????????????? ??/??(I/O)-???????
???????/??????????
????????????,??????????
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???????????????,???????????,????????????????????
???????????CPU?M?I/O????? ????????????,????3? ???
? (Data Bus, DB) ???? (Address Bus, AB) ????
(Control Bus, CB)
????????????????,?????????????,????,?????????????
????
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• ?????M?I/O?????????,?????? ?
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• ?????M?I/O??????CPU???,??????
• ???????,???????,??????????
• CPU????,?????????(??I/O??)?????

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• ???

????????? (Arithmetic and Logic Unit,
ALU) ???????????,??????????
?????????? ???????A (Accumulator)
??????????? ?????DR (Data Register)

?????RA ??????????A??
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??????

• ???

1. ????? (Instruction Register, IR)
???????????????? (???)?
2. ????? (Instruction Decoder, ID)
??????IR??????,????????????
3. ??????? (Programmable Logic Array, PLA)
??????????,???????????????????????
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• ?????

1. ??? A (Accumulator)
??????? ??????????
???????
2. ????? DR (Data Register)
????????
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??????
3. ????? PC (Program Counter)
????????????? ?????????,PC?????1????
4. ????? F (Flag Register)
??????????????????????
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5. ????? AR (Address Register)
???????????????????,???????????????
6. ????? RA (Register Array)
??????????????
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• ????

??????????????,?????????(????????????????)?
??????,????????0?1???????????????0?1???1????
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???(byte)?8???????1????
??(word)?2?????1??,??16????
??????????????????
??????????1???????????
?8??,16??,32????
???(??)?????????????(?????)?
????????1?????????
????????
??????????????,??????????
????????????1???,???16??????
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• ?????

????????????????????????? ?????????????????,?????
? ??????? ?????8????,?????2825
6???, ????00HFFH(0000 00001111
1111) ?????????AB??????,
??????,???????????,
???????????? ???????????/??????
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????????????????,??????????? ???????,????????????
???????,?????????????????, ?????????,???????????
???????
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?????????CPU????????????????
??????????????????

1. ?????????????????
2. ????????
3. ?????????
4. ???????
5. ?????????
6. ???????
7. ?????

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• ?????????????????

1????????? (5??) ??(67)????(17)???(8)????
?(4)? ??(4)
2????????? ?????????,?????????,????????
??(50)???(30)????(10)???(10)
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?????????

• ????????

????????????????,?????????
?????,???????????????????? ??????????????
?????????????????? CPU?????????????????????????
??????????????????? ?????????????????????????????
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?????????

• ?????????

1???CPU????????????????
????????,????,????,????????? ??????1?4?8?16?32??,?
????1???4???8???16????32???? ??,?????????32???
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2???????????????
8???,16????,????? 21664 KB 16???,20????,?????
2201024KB1 MB 32???,32????,????? 2324GB41024
MB
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?????????
3??????????????????????????
16?????Intel 8086,?24?????,148?????,???????
?????????????
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?????????
4?????????????,????????????
??????????????????,???????,?????????????????????

• ?????????????????????????,
• ??????,????????
• ???????????????????
• ??????????????????????

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?????????
5???? CPU ?????,?Hz???????????
????????????
8086 ????? 10 MHz Pentium ??? 100 MHz Pentium II
????? 450 MHz Pentium III ????? 850 MHz Pentium
4 ??????? 3.8 GHz
?MIPS (Million Instruction Per Second)???????????
??,????????????????? 8086????? 0.41.3
MIPS Pentium III ????? 300 MIPS
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?????????

• ???????

1????????????? ? MB (?)?
GB(??)???
2???????????????????CPU????
??????4200/5400/7200/10000 rpm
3??????????????????????????
???????????????????
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?????????

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???????????,????????

• ?????????????????????????

• ????????????????

• ???

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?????????

• ???????

?????????????????

• ISA (Industry Standard Architecture) ?????????
• ?????,?PC/AT??????????16?????????,??PC-AT??,
  ???????16MB/s?

• EISA (Extended ISA),???????????32?,?
• ?????33MB/s,??32??????

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?????????

1. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)??????????,
   ?Intel?????32/64?????,??????132MB/s,??Pentium?????
   ???

1. AGP (Accelerated Graphics Port)???????,???????????
   ????????????????266MB/s (x1??)?532MB/s(??)?1.064GB
   /s(x4??)?

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?????????
???????????

• ?????
• ???????????????,?MB/s????

• ?????
• ??????????,?16??32??64???
• ??????????,?????????????

• ???????
• ??????????,?MHz???????????
• ?????????????????,????????

???? (????/8) x ?????? (MB/s)
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?????????

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Question?
Thank You!