Periods in the History of Muslim Spain

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Periods in the History of Muslim Spain
641-929 Early Period 929-1031 Umayyad
Caliphate of Cordoba 1031-1090 Taifa Period c.
1090-1140 Almoravid Empire c. 1140-1275 Almohad
Caliphate 1275-1492 Nasrid Kingdom of Granada
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Timeline
Word List
642 Muslims complete conquest of Egypt. 711
Muslims attack Spain. 716 Visigoths beaten back
into north-east Spain. 732/33 Charles Martel
defeats Muslims at Tours/Poitiers.
Berbers Visigoths Charles Martel
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Timeline
Word List
al-Andalus (Muslim Spain)
750 Abd al-Rahman flees to North
Africa. 756-88 Reign of Abd al-Rahman at
Cordoba. 912-61 Reign of Abd al-Rahman
III. 929 Abd al-Rahman III takes title of
caliph. 932 Abd al-Rahman III consolidates hold
on Spain.
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Timeline
Word List
961-76 Reign of al-Hakam II. 1031 Collapse of
Umayyad caliphate of Cordoba. 1085 Christians
take Toledo.
Hisham Ibn Abi Amir Abd al-Rahman taifa
(part, pl. tawaif)
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Timeline
Word List
1085 Al-Mutamid of Seville appeals to
Almoravids. 1086 Almoravids invade Spain,
defeat Christians. 1110 Almoravids
complete conquest of al-Andalus. 1140s
Revolts against Almoravid rule.
al-murabitun (those who gather together/ Almoravid
s) Marrakush
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Timeline
Word List
1121-30 Reign of Ibn Tumart over
Almohads. 1147 Almohads complete conquest
of N. Africa from Almoravids, begin conquest
of al-Andalus. 1212 Almohads crushed
by Christians at Las Navas de Tolosa.
al-muwahhidun (those who insist on the oneness of
God/ Almohads) mahdi (awaited spiritual leader)
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Timeline
Word List
1228 Foundation of Nasrid kingdom of
Granada. 1479 Unification of Aragon and
Castile. 1492 Christians take Granada, expel
Muslims and Jews from Spain.
Granada Nasrids Muhammad ibn Yusuf ibn
Ahmad ibn Nasr Marinids reconquista Ferdina
nd V and Isabella (reconquest)
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Object List
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD
785 -987. Exterior view. Restored view. (F) The
Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785
-987. Floor plan and extension of La Mezquita.
(F) The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period.
AD 785 -987. Exterior view. Courtyard of the
Orange Tree, view toward cathedral rising above
the mosque. (F) The Great Mosque at Cordoba,
Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Exterior view.
Belfry (replacing the minaret), begun 1593 by
Heman Ruiz the Younger, completed in 1664 by
Gaspar de la Pena. (F)
F Ferret, A Archnet
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Object List
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD
785 -987. Exterior view. View from the south
across Quadalquivir River, Moorish bridge.
(F) The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period.
AD 785 -987. Exterior view of facades and
doorways. (F) The Great Mosque at Cordoba,
Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Exterior view.
Façade. (F) The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad
Period. AD 785 -987. View of the first mosque.
Abd al-Rahman, 786-788. (F) The Great Mosque at
Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987. Larger
overall view of the interior courtyard. (F)
F Ferret, A Archnet
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Object List
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD
785 -987. Interior of the sanctuary (view from
east). (F) The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad
Period. AD 785 -987. Interior of the Mosque with
some of the 36 piers and 514 columns. (F) The
Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785
-987. Maqsura, 961-5. (F) The Great Mosque at
Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.
The Mihrab. 11th c. Gold and glass mosaic on
marble. (F) The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad
Period. AD 785 -987. Dome over Maqsura, 961-5.
(F)
F Ferret, A Archnet
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Object List
The Great Mosque at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD
785 -987. Textures finely textured courtyard
paving with dense surface of pebbles combined
with rectangular planters. (F) The Great Mosque
at Cordoba, Umayyad Period. AD 785 -987.
Textures finely textured courtyard paving of
black and white pebbles. (F) Madinat al-Zahra
Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Aerial view.
(F) Madinat al-Zahra Palace. Outside Cordoba.
912-976. General view. (F) Madinat al-Zahra
Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976. View of ruins.
(F) Madinat al-Zahra Palace. Outside Cordoba.
912-976. Hall of the Ambassadors. (F)
F Ferret, A Archnet
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Object List
Madinat al-Zahra Palace. Outside Cordoba.
912-976. Skylights in the Hall of the
Ambassadors. (F) Madinat al-Zahra Palace.
Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Mihrab in the Hall of
the Ambassadors. (F) Madinat al-Zahra Palace.
Outside Cordoba. 912-976. Hall of
the Ambassadors. Stucco Tree of Life.
(F) Madinat al-Zahra Palace. Outside Cordoba.
912-976. Wooden jewellery box. (F) Madinat
al-Zahra Palace. Outside Cordoba. 912-976.
Silver casket for Hisham, 976. 27 x 38 x 24cm.
(F)
F Ferret, A Archnet
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Object List
Madinat al-Zahra Palace. Outside Cordoba.
912-976. Burnished gold jewellery.
(F) Qarawiyyin Mosque. Fez, Morocco. Started in
857, completed in 12th c., but construction
until 1613. Plan. (F) Qarawiyyin Mosque. Fez,
Morocco. Started in 857, completed in 12th
c., but construction until 1613. Aerial view.
(F) Qarawiyyin Mosque. Fez, Morocco. Started in
857, completed in 12th c., but construction
until 1613. Ablutions court. (F) Qarawiyyin
Mosque. Fez, Morocco. Started in 857, completed
in 12th c., but construction until 1613.
Interior prayer hall. (F)
F Ferret, A Archnet
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Object List
Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush. 1062. Exterior view.
(F) Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush. 1062. Minaret.
(F) Kutubiyya Mosque, Marrakush. 1062. Interior
view. (F) Quran. Maghribi, probably from Spain.
12th c. (F - 3 slides) Minaret of Mosque of
Hasan. Unfinished mosque built by
al-Mansur. Rabat, Morocco. 1199. (F) Las Navas
de Tolosa banner. Morocco or Spain. Early 13th c.
Silk, gold thread and gilt parchment.
(F) General view of Sevilla. (F)
F Ferret, A Archnet
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Object List
Sevilla - monastery gate. (F) Sevilla - the
Alcazar, 1360-64 (yellow building is a later
European addition). (F) Sevilla - interior of
Alcazar, showing arches. (F) Sevilla - interior
of Alcazar, showing greenspace. (F) Interior
view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Detail of stucco work.
(F) Interior view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Detail of
ceilings and arches. (F) Interior view of
Alcazar, Sevilla. The throne room. (F) Interior
view of Alcazar, Sevilla. Dome of the throne
room. (F)
F Ferret, A Archnet
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Object List
F Ferret, A Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c.
Panoramic view. (F) Alhambra Palace, Granada
(Spain). 14th c. Plan. (F) Alhambra Palace,
Granada (Spain). 14th c. Palace of the
Lions Cutaway Map. (Jon Trout (trans.), The
Alhambra in Focus (Spain Edilux s.l., 2006), p.
98.) Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c.
Fountain in the Court of the Lions in 19th
century and 2006 (John Chidley (trans.), The
Alhambra and Generalife (Spain Editorial
Comares, n.d.), pp. 66-67 and photo by NC
(right).)
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Object List
F Ferret, A Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Court
of the Lions. (F) Alhambra Palace, Granada
(Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions,
overall view. (F) Alhambra Palace, Granada
(Spain). 14th c. Court of the Lions.
Interior detail of lavish surface ornament.
(F) Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c.
Court of the Lions. Detail of stalactite
decorations. (F) Alhambra Palace, Granada
(Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Abencerrajes.
(A) Fountain in the Hall of the
Abencerrajes. (Photo by NC, (right).)
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Object List
F Ferret, A Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th
c. Ceiling in the Hall of the Abencerrajes. (Pho
to by Amila Blazevic (right).) Alhambra Palace,
Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the
Abencerrajes. Ceiling. (Jon Trout (trans.), The
Alhambra in Focus, pp. 112-13.) Alhambra
Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Outside view of
the ceiling of the Hall of the Abencerrajes.
(Photo by NC (right).)
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Object List
F Ferret, A Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c.
Hall of the Kings. Ceiling. (Jon Trout
(trans.), The Alhambra in Focus, p.
116.) Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c.
Detail of arch in the Hall of the Kings. (Photo
by NC (right).) Alhambra Palace, Granada
(Spain). 14th c. Ceiling paintings in the Hall
of the Kings. (Jon Trout (trans.), The
Alhambra in Focus, p. 117.) Alhambra Palace,
Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Two
Sisters. (F)
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Object List
F Ferret, A Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Paving
slabs in the Hall of the Two Sisters. (Photo by
NC (below right).) Alhambra Palace, Granada
(Spain). 14th c. Inscriptions in the Hall
of the Two Sisters. (Photo by NC (below).)
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Object List
F Ferret, A Archnet
Alhambra Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of
the Two Sisters. Ceiling. (F) Alhambra Palace,
Granada (Spain). 14th c. Hall of the Two
Sisters. Ceiling. (Jon Trout (trans.), The
Alhambra in Focus), pp. 120-21.) Alhambra
Palace, Granada (Spain). 14th c. Inscription in
the Hall of the Ambassadors. Say little and
leave in peace. (Photo by NC (right).)