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Chapter 5: Light in the Dark Ages

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Title: Chapter 5: Light in the Dark Ages


1
Chapter 5 Light in the Dark Ages
  • THE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH

2
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • ANTICIPATORY SET
  •  
  • Review the section Ulphilas Apostle of the
    Goths (p. 182).

3
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • BASIC QUESTIONS
  • Who invaded the western half of the Roman Empire,
    and why?
  • What was the impact of the fall of Rome on the
    faithful?
  • KEY IDEAS
  • The western half of the Roman Empire fell as
    Germanic tribes migrated into and invaded its
    territories.
  • Cities were sacked and depopulated, and culture
    and economic progress declined.

4
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What are the three themes of this chapter?
  • This chapter covers the repercussions of the fall
    of Rome, the rise and importance of monasticism,
    and the rise of Islam.
  •  
  • Why is there no clear date for the fall of the
    western half of the Roman Empire?
  • There was more of a gradual collapse than a
    dramatic, one-day fall. This disintegration took
    place over the course of the fifth century.
  •  
  • What did the Romans and the barbarians have in
    common with respect to human rights?
  • Neither had any conception of fundamental human
    rights, and both cultures were brutal and violent.

5
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Complete a Think/Pair/Share using the following
    question
  • What effect did the fall of Rome have on
    religious practice?

6
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What effect did the fall of Rome have on
    intellectual activity in the West?
  • It brought about a collapse of intellectual
    activity in the West, illiteracy becoming the
    norm. The study of classical literature and
    philosophy all but ceased. The Church remained
    the only center of intellectual activity.
  •  
  • What effects did the fall of Rome have on
    economic activity and demographics?
  • Economic activity fell drastically, crime
    increased, and the former city-based society
    became largely rural, centered on towns and
    villages.

7
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • What effect did the fall of Rome have on the
    Churchs understanding of her relationship with
    the state?
  • Many Christians and emperors had thought that the
    destiny of the Catholic Church was intertwined
    with that of the empire. The collapse of Rome and
    the western half of that empire prompted
    Christians to understand that the Church was not
    wedded to the empire and needed to adapt to a
    dramatic cultural shift.

8
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
  •  
  • Work with a partner to complete the following
    table on the barbarian invasions of the fourth
    and fifth centuries (cf. p. 183).

9
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
10
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What were the two largest ethnic groups living in
    northern Europe?
  • The Celtic tribes were the largest second were
    the various Germanic tribes.
  •  
  • How did Celtic culture change because of contact
    with the Roman Empire?
  • The Celts had been powerful warriors, but after
    Roman occupation they settled into a peaceful,
    agrarian life.

11
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • Why did the Romans sometimes invite barbarian
    tribes to settle along the frontiers of the
    empire?
  • They allowed tribes to settle in exchange for
    conscripts for the Roman armies and to increase
    the declining population of the Empire.
  •  
  • What was the Germanization of the Roman legions?
  • It refers to the process by which an increasing
    percentage of the soldiers in the Roman military
    was comprised of people from Germanic tribes.

12
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What does the idea of waves of invaders mean
    with respect to the Germanic tribes?
  • One conquering Germanic tribe would be conquered
    by another Germanic tribe later.
  •  
  • Who were the Franks?
  • They were a Germanic people who settled in Gaul
    (modern-day France), the ancestors of the modern
    French, and the first Germanic tribe to convert
    to orthodox (as opposed to Arian) Christianity.

13
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Complete a Think/Pair/Share using the following
    question
  • To what extent had Christianity penetrated the
    mentality of the Germanic tribes by the end of
    the fifth century?

14
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Read the Additional Resources on pages 182183,
    and then discuss how people might have felt about
    the invasions.

15
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • Which was the most successful Germanic tribe?
  • The Vandals were most successful.
  •  
  • Who was the Apostle to the Goths?
  • Ulphilas, the Cappadocian who translated the
    Scriptures into Gothic, enlightened the Goths.
  •  
  • What religion did the barbarian hordes profess?
  • To the extent they were not still pagan, most
    were Arian Christians.

16
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What is the origin of the Huns?
  • It is not known exactly, but they swept westward
    from Central Asia.
  •  
  • How did people in the Roman Empire perceive the
    Huns?
  • The Huns were terrifying. They slashed their
    faces, had squat bodies with enormous arms and
    shoulders, seemed to live on their horses, and
    stank from the rancid, raw meat they carried.

17
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What was the character of Attila the Hun, and why
    did he not attack Rome?
  • Attila was a ruthless leader who was also
    tremendously brave in battle, a skilled diplomat,
    and a keen military strategist. After Pope St.
    Leo the Great went out to meet him, Attila
    withdrew from Italy. It is not known why he did
    not sack Rome.
  •  
  • What did the Germanic invasions reveal to the
    Church about her universality?
  • An increasing number of Christians realized that
    the Church is intended for everyone the Germanic
    tribes needed to be evangelized as the Romans had
    previously.

18
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • How was the Germanic character different from the
    Greco-Roman character?
  • The Germanic peoples were less philosophically
    and theologically inclined, and they placed less
    emphasis on order, culture, organization, and
    law.
  •  
  • To evangelize the Germanic peoples, what was the
    Church willing to do? What was she unwilling to
    do?
  • The Church was willing to discard Roman culture
    without changing the doctrines of the Faith she
    was unwilling the change the Deposit of Faith for
    any reason.

19
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Brainstorm reactions that Italian Christians of
    the fifth century might have had toward the
    invasions (cf. p. 186).

20
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • CLOSURE
  •  
  • Free write for five minutes in response to the
    following prompt
  • Apply the words of Jesus Christ to St. Peter to
    this period of the Churchs history You are
    Peter, and on this rock I will build my church,
    and the powers of death shall not prevail against
    it (Mt 1618).

21
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
  •  
  • Study Questions 14 (p. 210)
  • Practical Exercise 1 (p. 211)
  • Workbook Questions 128
  • Read The Rise of Monasticism through
    Monasticism and the Emergence of a New Christian
    Culture (pp. 187191)

22
1. Fall of Rome (pp. 178186)
  • ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
  •  
  • Free write for five minutes in response to the
    following prompt
  • Imagine you are a Christian living in a city in
    the western half of the Roman Empire and have
    just heard a barbarian army is approaching your
    town. Write a diary entry about how you feel and
    what you imagine is about to happen.

23
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • ANTICIPATORY SET
  •  
  • Discuss the relationship between the following
    triads
  • Sex, money, and power
  • Chastity, poverty, and obedience 

24
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • BASIC QUESTION
  • What were the causes and effects of monasticism?
  • KEY IDEA
  • Monasticism arose out of a desire to leave
    civilization and devote oneself entirely to
    prayer and asceticism in imitation of Christ.
    Monastics gave new life to the Faith, brought
    civilization to the rural areas, preserved
    classical learning, and evangelized the Germanic
    peoples.

25
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What is monasticism?
  • It is a way of life in which a person leaves the
    everyday world to live a life of self-denial and
    prayer in order to devote his or her whole life
    to God.
  •  
  • How is Christian monasticism unique?
  • Though monasticism is practiced by many of the
    worlds religions, Christian monasticism is
    unique because its aim is the imitation of
    Christ.

26
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What are the two chief types of monasticism?
  • In eremitical monasticism, a person lives alone
    as a hermit. In cenobitical monasticism, a person
    lives with others in a community.
  •  
  • Who founded eremitical monasticism?
  • Eremitical monasticism was founded in Egypt by
    Sts. Anthony the Great and Paul of Thebes.

27
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • Who founded cenobitical monasticism?
  • St. Pachomius, an Egyptian hermit, began
    cenobitical monasticism (against his will) after
    people kept flocking to him.
  •  
  • Who wrote the rules for early monasticism?
  • St. Athanasius biography of St. Anthony the
    Great became a handbook for eremitical monastics.
    St. Pachomius wrote a rule for those who joined
    him in cenobitical monasticism.

28
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
  •  
  • Work with a partner to complete the following
    table about the earliest monks (cf. p. 189).

29
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
30
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
  •  
  • Work with a partner to complete the following
    table about the effects of monasticism on
    European culture.

31
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
32
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • CLOSURE
  •  
  • Free write for five minutes in response to the
    following question
  • How would you respond to someone who claims the
    Church is an enemy of learning?

33
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
  •  
  • Study Questions 58 (p. 210)
  • Workbook Questions 2934
  • Read St. Benedict The Patriarch of Western
    Monasticism through Gregorian Chant
    The Development of Musical Notation
    (pages 191196)

34
2. The Rise of Monasticism (pp. 187191)
  • ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
  •  
  • Write a one-paragraph essay about the major
    effects of monasticism on Europe (cf. Graphic
    Organizer, p. 190).

35
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • ANTICIPATORY SET
  •  
  • Listen to a sample of Gregorian Chant.

36
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • BASIC QUESTION
  • What contributions did St. Benedict and his Rule
    and Pope St. Gregory the Great make to the
    preservation and spread of Christianity?
  • KEY IDEA
  • St. Benedicts Rule became the basis of Western
    monasticism. Pope St. Gregory the Great was a
    great spiritual leader who served as a temporal
    ruler as well.

37
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What is the Rule of St. Benedict?
  • It is a practical guide to monastic life that his
    monks were to follow.
  •  
  • How was the Rule of St. Benedict a departure from
    the practices of Eastern monastics?
  • St. Benedicts Rule is moderate compared to the
    severe asceticism of the Eastern tradition.
  •  
  • How important was the Rule to the future of
    monasticism in the West?
  • The Rule was adopted by all but a few monastic
    communities in the West that were established
    during the Medieval period, and it is still in
    use in the modern era.

38
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Work with a partner to prepare and present a
    brief oral report using the following guidelines.
  • Paraphrase a short excerpt from the Rule of St.
    Benedict.
  • Interpret how this passage might relate to the
    life of a monk.
  • Do you think you could live under this rule? Why
    or why not?

39
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
  •  
  • Work with a partner to complete the following
    table on several Latin-language terms used by
    Benedictines (cf. p. 189).

40
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
41
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What is the chief aim of a monk who follows the
    Rule?
  • The chief aim is to give praise and glory to God.
  •  
  • What was the relationship between Sts. Benedict
    and Scholastica?
  • They were twins.

42
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • What is a religious vow, and what vows do
    Benedictine monks take?
  • A vow is a solemn promise made voluntarily to God
    and witnessed by another person. Benedictine
    monks take lifelong vows of stability, conversion
    of morals, and obedience. Extension A vow might
    be to practice a virtue or perform a specific
    deed in order to accomplish a future good.

43
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Read the excerpt from the Rule of St. Benedict on
    page 207, and then discuss the Benedictine
    practice of poverty.

44
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • How did St. Gregorys spend his life before he
    became a monk?
  • St. Gregory was born into an important, noble
    family, and he held important civil offices in
    Rome. After his father died, he sold everything
    he had and used the money to found seven
    monasteries and help the poor.

45
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • How was St. Gregory the Greats life as a monk
    before he became Pope?
  • Pope Pelagius II did not allow St. Gregory to
    remain a simple monk for long and appointed him
    one of the seven deacons of Rome and then as
    nuncio to the court of the emperor.
  •  
  • How was St. Gregory elected Pope, and what was
    his reaction to this election?
  • After Pope Pelagius II had died, St. Gregory was
    universally acclaimed the new Pope by the people
    of Rome. Initially, St. Gregory refused this
    honor, but he accepted the election eventually as
    Gods will.

46
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Complete a Think/Pair/Share using the following
    question
  • What is the significance of St. Gregory the
    Greats use of the title Servus Servorum Dei for
    himself and his refusal to acknowledge the title
    Ecumenical Patriarch for the Patriarch of
    Constantinople?

47
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Read silently the excerpt from The Book of
    Pastoral Rule (p. 207), and then discuss St.
    Gregory the Greats spiritual state when he was
    elected Pope and why he decided to accept the
    election.

48
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • Why is Pope St. Gregory I called the Great?
  • He received this title because of missionary
    successes and his care for the poor.
  •  
  • What threat did Rome face from the Lombards, and
    how did St. Gregory avert it?
  • The Lombards threatened to invade. St. Gregory
    minimized the Lombard threat by negotiating a
    peace. He influenced a Catholic to marry the
    Lombard king, which resulted in Catholic children
    and the eventual conversion of the Lombard people
    to Christianity.

49
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • What do St. Gregorys actions with the Lombards
    reveal about the relationship between the Church
    and state at that time?
  • Relations were strained. The emperors exarch in
    Italy did nothing to help when Rome was under
    threat, so the Pope acted as the spiritual and
    temporal ruler of Rome. As a result, the Pope and
    emperor increasingly viewed each other as
    competitors.

50
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Discuss leadership using the following questions
  • What concept of leadership is portrayed by the
    title Servus Servorum Dei?
  • How is St. Gregory the Greats concept different
    from the traditional concept of leadership, for
    example, that practiced by the pagan Roman
    emperors?
  • How is St. Gregory the Greats concept especially
    appropriate for anyone in the Church who
    exercises leadership?

51
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • Whence did musical notation originate?
  • It was invented by monks to catalog chant
    melodies. The eventual four-line staff, still
    used for Gregorian Chant in the modern era, was
    invented by Guido dArezzo.

52
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • When was Gregorian Chant revived?
  • Having fallen out of favor beginning in the
    eighteenth century, it was revived in the latter
    half of the nineteenth century by Benedictine
    monks.
  •  
  • What place does Gregorian chant play in
    modern-day liturgical worship?
  • According to the Council Fathers of the Second
    Vatican Ecumenical Council, Gregorian chant is
    specially suited to the Roman liturgy and
    should be given pride of place.

53
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • CLOSURE
  •  
  • Free write for two minutes about St. Benedicts
    contribution to the survival of the Church and
    two minutes about St. Gregory the Greats
    accomplishments as Pope.

54
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
  •  
  • Study Questions 914 (p. 210)
  • Practical Exercise 6 (p. 211)
  • Workbook Questions 3553
  • Read The Rise of Islam through The Moral Code
    of Islam (pp. 197202)

55
3. The Rise of Monasticism (continued) (pp.
191196)
  • ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
  •  
  • Write a paragraph comparing and contrasting
    eremitical with cenobitical monasticism.

56
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • ANTICIPATORY SET
  •  
  • Read silently the two quotes from the Koran on
    page 197, and then discuss the following
    question
  • At first glance, would Christians and Jews agree
    with this passage?

57
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • BASIC QUESTION
  • What is the origin of Islam, and what are its
    chief doctrines?
  • KEY IDEA
  • Muhammad founded a new, monotheistic religion
    based loosely on Judaism and Christianity.

58
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • Why are the rise and basic beliefs of Islam
    important to the study of the history of the
    Catholic Church?
  • Islam is a monotheistic religion whose history is
    linked with the Arab, Asiatic, African, and
    European peoples, and many wars were fought
    between Christians and Muslims.
  •  
  • What is the Kaaba, and what is its importance to
    Muslims?
  • The Kaaba is a large, black stone in Mecca where
    Abraham is said to have worshiped God. Muslims
    consider it an axus mundi (turning-point of the
    world), a connection between Heaven and earth,
    and hence the focal point of prayers in a
    Muslims life.
  •  
  • What happened to Muhammad that changed his life?
  • After having retired to a cave, Muhammad
    announced that he had received a vision of the
    Archangel Gabriel, who called him to be the
    herald of Allah (God).

59
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What is the Koran?
  • According to Muhammad, the Koran is a dictation
    of the words of the Archangel Gabriel.
  •  
  • Was Muhammad certain that he was a prophet?
  • No Muhammad questioned if he suffered from
    delusions.
  •  
  • Why is it important the Koran be read in Arabic?
  • Muslims believe it was dictated in Arabic, so
    those words are the actual words of God.

60
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What does the word Islam mean?
  • It means submission and refers to submission to
    the will of God.
  •  
  • According to Muslims, what did Muhammad do for
    the world?
  • He was Gods last prophet who brought the perfect
    religion to the world.
  •  
  • How do Muslims reinterpret the Old and New
    Testaments?
  • The Koran borrows from them and views Jesus as a
    prophet. However, it teaches that Jews and
    Christians have completely misinterpreted the
    Scriptures.

61
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What did Muhammad claim is the failure of
    Christianity?
  • He taught that Christians misinterpreted Gods
    intentions as communicated through Jesus the
    prophet.
  •  
  • What central mysteries of the Christian Faith are
    denied by Muslims?
  • The Incarnation, redemption, the atonement, the
    Resurrection, and the Blessed Trinity are denied.
  •  
  • What is the jizya?
  • It is a tax Jews and Christians have to pay to
    practice their religion in a Muslim state.

62
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • How were Muhammads early relations with Jews?
  • When Muhammad arrived in Medina, he wanted
    the 500 or so Jews living there to recognize him
    as a prophet, but they refused, claiming the line
    of prophets had ended 1000 years earlier. Later,
    Jews in Mecca evidently supported the pagan
    Meccans against Muhammads army, so Muhammad had
    Jewish men slaughtered and sold Jewish women and
    children into slavery.

63
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • In what direction did Muslims originally pray,
    and to what was this changed?
  • Muslims originally prayed toward Jerusalem, but
    Muhammad later changed the direction to the Kaaba
    in Mecca.
  •  
  • What are the five pillars of Islam?
  • They are the required practices for all Muslims
    the Profession of the Shahada, prayer, the Hajj,
    Ramadan, and Zakah.

64
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What are the core beliefs of Islam?
  • They are monotheism, the immortality of the soul,
    the resurrection of the body, justice to the
    poor, judgment, and a sensual paradise in the
    next life for the saved.
  •  
  • What is the hejira?
  • It is the flight of Muhammad from Mecca to
    Medina because he was being persecuted by pagan
    rulers. It marks year one on the Muslim calendar
    (AH after the hejira).
  •  
  • What is the relationship between throne and altar
    in Islam?
  • There is a unity between temporal and spiritual
    authority. As head of the military in Medina,
    Muhammad expanded the religion.

65
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What is the diet of a Muslim?
  • Islam borrowed some prohibitions from Judaism
    Muslims are not to eat pork or drink alcohol.
  •  
  • What do Muslims teach about fidelity within
    marriage?
  • Adultery is forbidden, though a man may have up
    to four wives.

66
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • What is the chief difference between Christian
    and Muslim art?
  • Muslims consider any depictions of the image of
    God or the human person to be a form of idolatry
    and thus prohibit them. Islamic cultures have
    developed intricate geometric shapes, stylized
    writing, and architecture as art forms.
    Christians, on the other hand, celebrate the
    depiction of human beings and God since human
    beings are made in the image of God and God
    became man, thereby giving an image of himself.
    Christian cultures have excelled in every art
    form.

67
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • GRAPHIC ORGANIZER
  •  
  • Complete the following table on the five pillars
    of Islam.

68
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
69
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Search the Internet for Islamic art and Islamic
    architecture to view some examples of Muslims
    creative achievements.

70
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
  •  
  • Study Questions 1518 (p. 210)
  • Practical Exercise 3 (p. 211)
  • Workbook Questions 5479
  • Read Jihad through Conclusion (pp. 202206)

71
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • CLOSURE
  •  
  • Free write for five minutes in response to the
    Key Idea for this lesson
  • Muhammad founded a new, monotheistic religion
    based loosely on Judaism and Christianity.

72
4. The Rise of Islam (pp. 197202)
  • ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
  •  
  • Use the completed Graphic Organizer on page 201
    to write a paragraph summarizing the five pillars
    of Islam.

73
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • ANTICIPATORY SET
  •  
  • Discuss the following question
  • Imagine you had founded a new religion, believed
    God wanted everyone to accept it, and persuaded
    everyone in your town to believe in it. What are
    some ways you could further expand your religion?

74
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • BASIC QUESTIONS
  • What is jihad? How did Islam threaten
    Christianity?
  • KEY IDEA
  • The concept of jihad, coupled with military
    might, caused Islam to spread rapidly, and
    Muslims conquered much Christian territory,
    threatening Europe.

75
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • What is jihad?
  • It is a Muslim holy war waged in the name of
    Allah against infidels. Muslims believe those who
    die fighting in a jihad will go straight to
    paradise where they will be met by virgins.
    Muhammad used jihad to defeat his foes in Mecca.

76
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • How did Islam spread throughout the ancient
    world?
  • With an obligation to seek converts and wage
    jihad to destroy unbelieversaided by a superb
    militaryIslam quickly spread from India
    throughout the Middle East and North Africa to
    the Iberian Peninsula.
  •  
  • What effect did the spread of Islam have on
    Christian North Africa?
  • The Muslim conquest of North Africa effectively
    ended 600 years of vibrant Christianity.

77
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What split did Islam undergo after the death of
    Muhammad?
  • Islam split into the Shiites, the party of Ali,
    and the Sunni, the party of the tradition.
  •  
  • What are the main characteristics of Sunni
    Muslims?
  • The Sunni, who constitute about 85 of all
    Muslims, accept the order of succession of the
    first four caliphs (successors) of Muhammad. They
    adhere to the doctrines and practices based on
    the traditions of Muhammad as interpreted by
    Muslim scholars.

78
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • What are the main characteristics of Shiite
    Muslims?
  • The Shiites believe the chosen successor of
    Muhammad was his son-in-law and cousin, Ali. They
    believe the imam, the successor of Ali, is a
    spiritual and temporal leader, divinely appointed
    to judge humans. They are also mystical,
    emphasizing suffering, martyrdom, veneration of
    Ali, and praying at the tombs of Muslim prophets.

79
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Search the Internet for information about the
    Battle of Badr. Discuss to synthesize what you
    have learned.

80
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • FOCUS QUESTION
  •  
  • In what two European locations was the spread of
    Islam halted?
  • In the East Emperor Leo III defeated Muslims
    AD 717 and 740 attempting to take Constantinople.
    In the West after Spain had fallen, Charles
    Martel stopped the further spread of Islam into
    Europe at the Battle of Tours AD 732.

81
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • FOCUS QUESTIONS
  •  
  • What likely would have happened had Europeans
    lost the battles in the previous question?
  • Muslims most likely would have conquered all of
    Europe, invading from the east and the south.
  •  
  • What did Muslims do when they had gained control
    of Jerusalem?
  • They sacked Jerusalem AD 638, cleared the Temple
    Mount, and built a mosque (the Dome of the Rock)
    on the site of the Jewish Temple.

82
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • GUIDED EXERCISE
  •  
  • Complete a Think/Pair/Share using the following
    question
  • How might the Jews have felt about the Dome of
    the Rock?

83
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT
  •  
  • Study Questions 1922 (p. 210)
  • Practical Exercises 2, 45 (p. 211)
  • Workbook Questions 8090

84
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • CLOSURE
  •  
  • Review the criteria for a just war (p. 76), and
    then discuss the following questions
  • Were the Christians justified in fighting the
    Muslims?
  • Is the Muslim method to spread religion by the
    sword justified by the just war theory?

85
5. The Rise of Islam (continued) (pp. 202206)
  • ALTERNATIVE ASSESSMENT
  •  
  • Update your timeline with important events from
    this chapter.

86
THE END
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