Topic: Classification Aim: How do we classify things in everyday life?

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Topic ClassificationAim How do we classify
things in everyday life?

• Do Now Classify the organisms above in as many
  different ways as possible. (Make a key to keep
  track of how you classified.)

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CONTEST Shoe Classification

• RULES
• Have each group member remove one sneaker/shoe.
• Each group should think of as many different ways
  to classify the sneakers/shoes as possible.
• Groups should keep track of all the different
  ways they classified the sneakers/shoes by
  recording a key.
• The key should represent how each sneaker/shoe
  was classified ( see picture ?).
• The group that determines the most ways to
  classify the sneakers/shoes will receive extra
  credit!!!

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Topic ClassificationAim How are living
things classified?

• Do Now Answer the questions on the overhead.

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What is classification?

• grouping of things according to similar
  characteristics
• The branch of science that deals with classifying
  is called TAXONOMY

ARISTOTLE
LINNAEUS
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What is an example of classification?

• Autotroph an organism that can produce its own
  food (producer)
• Heterotroph an organisms that cannot produce
  its own food (consumer)

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What is phylogeny? How does it relate to
classification?

• Phylogeny Evolutionary history of an organism
  or how it has changed over time.
• Phylogeny is the basis for the classification of
  organisms.

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What are the seven levels of classification?

• King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup.
• Kingdom the largest category of classification
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• Species smallest and most similar level of
  classification organisms within the same species
  can mate and produce fertile offspring

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How are organisms named?

• Two-word naming system developed by Linnaeus
  called BINOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
• First word represents the genus
• Second word represents the species
• Genus species
• Example Felis domesticus (house cat)

Genus species
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Classification of the bottle-nosed dolphin.
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Topic ClassificationAim What are the five
kingdoms of classification?

• Do Now From smallest to largest, rank the seven
  levels of classification.

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In how many kingdoms are organisms classified?

• Based on similar characteristics, organisms are
  classified into FIVE kingdoms
• Monera (bacteria)
• Protists
• Fungi
• Plants
• Animals

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What are characteristics of monerans?

• No nucleus
• Unicellular
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition
• Example bacteria

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What are two different types of monerans?

• Archaebacteria primitive bacteria that live in
  extreme conditions autotrophs
• Eubacteria True bacteria more evolved than
  archaebacteria heterotrophs

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Topic ClassificationAim What are the five
kingdoms of classification?

• Take out your HW quietly!!!
• DETERMINE THE KINGDOM OF THE ORGANISM DESCRIBED
  BELLOW
• While observing an organism under a microscope in
  science class, you notice that it is unicellular
  and has a nucleus. After looking through your
  textbook, you realize this organism does not
  belong to the red algae phylum. Later, during
  your home and career class, Ms. Chowdhury used
  yeast to make a loaf of bread rise. After
  careful observation, you realized that the bread
  yeast was the same organism as the one you saw
  under the microscope.

DO NOW
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What are characteristics of protists?

• Nucleus
• Unicellular
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic nutrition
• Examples amoeba, paramecia

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What are characteristics of amoeba?

• NUTRITION
• Heterotrophs
• Phagocytosis the process where an amoeba uses
  psuedopods to surround and engulf food
• MOVEMENT
• Psuedopods arms or extentions of cytoplasm
  that extend and enable the amoeba to move and get
  food
• Cyclosis movement of cytoplasm

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AMOEBA
PSEUDOPODS
PHAGOCYTOSIS
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What are characteristics of paramecia?

• NUTRITION
• Oral groove is the mouth where food enters
• Anal pore opening in the cell membrane used to
  expel wastes
• Contractile vacuole maintains water balance
• MOVEMENT
• Cilia tiny hair-like structures used for
  movement

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PARAMECIUM
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What are characteristics of fungi?

• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic nutrition
• Examples mushrooms, bread mold, yeast

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What are characteristics of plants?

• Multicellular
• Autotrophic nutrition
• Examples trees, grass, and flowers

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What are characteristics of animals?

• Multicellular
• Heterotrophic nutrition
• Examples humans, insects, and jellyfish

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Summary Place an X in a box that represents the
kingdoms on the right.
Unicellular Multicellular No Nucleus Nucleus Autotroph Heterotroph Example
Monera Bacteria
Protista Amoeba Paramecia
Fungi Mushroom Bread Mold Yeast
Plants Trees Grass Flowers
Animals Humans Insects Jellyfish
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
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Topic ClassificationAim What is a
dichotomous key? How can they be used to find
information?

• Do Now Take out last nights HW quietly. What
  are the five kingdoms? What is the major
  difference between archaebacteria and eubacteria?

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Dichotomous Key Last Nights HW
MONERA
PROTISTA
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Dichotomous Key Last Nights HW
PLANTAE
PLANTAE
ANIMALIA
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What is a dichotomous key?

• Sometimes called a taxonomic key
• A detailed list of identifying characteristics
• Arranged in steps with two descriptive statements
  at each step
• Read both statements, choose the one that
  applies, follow the instructions that follow

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Suppose you have four insects a ladybug, a
housefly, a dragonfly and a grasshopper. After
studying the insects, you might use wing
covering, body shape, and where the wings point
towards. To begin the key, you could start
separating the four insects based on wing
covering - "wings covered by exoskeleton" vs.
"wings not covered by exoskeleton."
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• The first step in the key will be organized the
  following way
• 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeleton
• 1. b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton
• Next, the statements need to lead the observer to
  the next step to narrow the identification
  further
• 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeletongo to step
  2
• 1. b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton go to
  step 3

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• Step 2 needs to consist of a pair of statements
  that will allow for the identification of the
  ladybug and the grasshopper
• 2. a. body has a round shape .ladybug
• 2. b. body has an elongated shape ...grasshopper
• Step 3 needs to consist of a pair of statements
  that will allow for the identification of the
  housefly and dragonfly
• 3. a. wings point out from the side of the
  body.dragonfly
• 3. b. wings point to the rear of the body
  .housefly

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• Notice that there were four organisms to be
  identified and it only took three steps. There
  should be one less step than the total number of
  organisms to be identified in your dichotomous
  key.
• KEY
• 1. a. wings covered by an exoskeletongo to step
  2
• 1. b. wings not covered by an exoskeleton go to
  step 3
• 2. a. body has a round shape .ladybug
• 2. b. body has an elongated shape .grasshopper
• 3. a. wings point out from the side of the
  body.dragonfly
• 3. b. wings point to the rear of the body
  .housefly