Classification

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Classification
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I. Classification

• -the arrangement of things in groups of similar
  items.
• -scientists classify living things to describe
  what they are like and how they are related to
  other organisms.
• - without classification, scientists could not
  share information about organisms.
• there is no correct classification system
  for living things.

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• An organisms structures and features are
  important characteristics for classification.
• -ex. Fish are classified by the shape and
  position of their fin.

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• B. Scientists use cell structure and ways of
  getting food to place organisms in to kingdoms.
• C. Dichotomous Key is a powerful tool scientists
  use, always gives two characteristics to choose
  between, each choice leads to another pair of
  characteristics.
• -ex. tree

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• D. Kingdoms
• -many scientists use six kingdoms today.

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1. Bacteria separated into two kingdoms,
single-celled organisms, their cell does not
contain a nucleus, they can not be seen without a
microscope. -some of the smallest living
things. - there are more bacteria than any
other organism, and they live almost everywhere
on Earth.
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• - Some types of bacteria are very useful.
• ex. Bacteria in your stomach and intestines
  help you digest food.

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• 1. Archaebacteria
• - meaning ancient bacteria
• - today they live under conditions that are
  deadly to other living things.
• -ex. Where there is no oxygen or heat is too
  high to allow most forms of life to survive.

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• 2. Eubacteria
• -generally can not survive in the extreme
  conditions.
• -ex. Ecoli
• -only have one cell, but cell functions are
  quite complex.
• -some use the suns energy to make food, others
  get their food from eating living and non-living
  materials.

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2. Protists
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• -have traits of plants and animals.
• -have more than one cell, most are
  singled-celled organisms like bacteria.
• -unlike bacteria they have a nucleus.

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• animal-like protists are called protozoa.
• -take food from their surroundings and move
  through their environment.

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• plant-like protists are called algae.
• - use energy from the sun to make their own
  food.
• - they produce oxygen just like plants do.
• - some protists are microscopic, others can
  grow very large.

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• - perhaps the curious types of protists are
  those that share characteristics of fungi.
• they get food from their surroundings.
• some reproduce through spores as fungi do,
  yet many can move.

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3. Fungi

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• -cells have a nucleus and a complex cell
  structures.
• range from one-celled organisms to huge
  masses.
• their cell walls are made of the same
  substance as the hard shells of insects.

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• -absorb their food, they decompose, or break
  down, other organisms.
• -fungi can not move, yet they grow quickly and
  travel far away.
• -reproduce by spores and they are carried by
  wind.

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4. Plants
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• All plants are multi-cellular.
• almost all plants make their own food
• plants are classified according to the way
  they transport water and reproduce.

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E. Animal
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• - Include an amazing variety of creatures.
• some swim, fly, or walk.

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II. Ancient Classification Systems

• A. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, who developed
  the first classification system, in 350 B.C.

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• B. World Explorers
• - returned from their travels with thousands of
  new plants and animals.
• - the invention of the microscope led to the
  discovery of tiny forms of life.
• the number of known living things increased
  greatly.

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• C. Carl von Linneus
• - a Swedish scientist, developed a new
  classification system for organisms in the 1700s.