Training Module I Integrated Coastal Management and Communication Chapter 3 INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT

1
Training Module IIntegrated Coastal Management
and CommunicationChapter 3INTEGRATED COASTAL
ZONE MANAGEMENT
J. Kaulinš, R. Ernšteins, V. Antons, S. Kuršinska
2
INTRODUCTION

• Integrated management is the most successful and
  up-to-date method for sustainable governance in
  the coastal zone. The integrated management
  method, unlike the traditional branch management
  method, deals not only with branch analysis but
  also includes branch interfaces (integrative
  problem areas) and concentrates directly on
  solving identified problems.
• This chapter reports on the basics of the
  integrated management method and is illustrated
  with cases from management practice.

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2011 University of Latvia, Department of
Environmental Management
J.Kaulinš. R.Ernšteins, V. Antons, S. Kuršinska
3
CONTENTS

• KEY PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE
  MANAGEMENT (ICZM)
• 2. TOOLS AND SOURCES FOR ICZM
• 3. PRINCIPLES FOR ELABORATING INTEGRATED COASTAL
  ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN
• 4. ICZM CASE STYDY EU INTERREG PROJECT DEDUCE
• 5. ICZM CASE STUDY SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY
• 6. BIBLIOGRAPHY

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1. KEY PRINCIPLES OF INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE
MANAGEMENT (ICZM)
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SUSTAINABLE COASTAL MANAGEMENT DEFINITION

• Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) is a
  dynamic, multi-disciplinary and iterative process
  to promote sustainable management of coastal
  zones.
• "Integrated" in ICZM refers to the integration of
  objectives and also to the integration of the
  many instruments needed to meet these objectives.
  It means integration of all relevant policy
  areas, sectors, and levels of administration. It
  means integration of the terrestrial and marine
  components of the target territory, in both time
  and space.
• J.Kaulinš

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KEY PRINCIPLES FOR SUCCESSFUL ICZM

1. A broad "holistic" perspective
2. A long term perspective
3. Adaptive management during a gradual process
4. Reflect local specificity
5. Work with natural processes
6. Participatory planning
7. Support involvement of all relevant
   administrative bodies
8. Use of a combination of instruments

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4P INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT GOVERNANCE MODEL STAGES

• Problem analysis (P1)
• Policy formulation (P2)
• Planning of policy realization (P3)
• Programming (P4)

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4P INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENT GOVERNANCE MODEL
COMPONENTS

• Collaboration of stakeholders
• internal - within stakeholder igroups vertical
  and horizontal,
• external with other stakeholders
• Vertical and horizontal thematic collaboration
  among branches and sectors
• Collaboration tools, their complementarity and
  concordance.
• Assessment collaboration process assessment with
  indicators coordination of approaches.
• Collaboration governance communication
  information, education, participation, good
  practice.

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SUSTAINABILITY ENVIRONMENT

• Information basis
• comparisons
• history and trends
• spatial data
• Information contents
• statistics
• spatial data

• Human basis
• experts
• politicians
• society
• Legal basis
• general regulations
• specifically for land use
• specifically for environment
• other specific

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SUSTAINABILITY AS BALANCE OF PROCESSES

• Preservation of environment
• landscape protection
• biodiversity protection
• environmentally-friendly economic activities
• Preservation of environment
• economic uses of natural environment
• growth of ecological load
• use of non-renewable natural resources or overrun
  in using renewable resources

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SUSTAINABILITY AS BALANCE OF PROCESSES

• Economic development
• resident welfare
• growth of gross product
• Brownfield investments
• diversity of economic forms
• Integrative and integral values
• good practice of governance and planning
• coastal awareness of residents

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2. TOOLS AND SOURCES FOR ICZM
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KEY TOOLS FOR ICZM

• Legislation
• state legislation, local regulatory documents
• Planning
• development strategies and sector plans, spatial
  planning
• Economics and finance
• participation in state programmes, attraction of
  international funds, rational budget planning,
  strengthening of taxation framework
• Infrastructure
• traffic routes, tourism and recreation
  facilities, nature and landscape protection,
  facilitated areas
• Communication
• website development, local information systems

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LEGISLATIVE FRAMEWORK FOR COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

• Protection Zone Law
• Development Planning System Law
• Law On Specially Protected Natural Areas
• Regional Development Law
• Spatial Planning Law

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OTHER COASTAL DEVELOPMENT-RELATED LEGISLATIVE ACTS

• Rules for establishment and hygiene of bathing
  areas
• Individual rules for protection and exploitation
  of nature park Piejura
• Regulations on public participation in
  development planning processes
• Local municipality planning rules

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PLANNING DOCUMENTS FOR COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

• Recommendation of the EP and of the Council
  concerning the implementation of ICZM in Europe
• Key provisions for spatial development of coastal
  zone, 2011-2017
• Sustainable development strategy for Latvia until
  2030
• National environment policy plan, 2004 2008
• Environmental policy guidelines, 2009 2015

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PLANNING DOCUMENTS FOR COASTAL DEVELOPMENT

• Regional
• Protection plan for nature park Piejura, 2004
  2015
• Development programme for Riga planning region,
  2005 2011
• Spatial plan for Riga planning region, 2005
  2025
• Regional plan for waste management around Riga,
  2007 2013
• Riga district spatial plan, 2008 2020
• Gauja river basin management plan, 2010 2015
• Local
• Development programme for Saulkrasti
  municipality, 2007 2013
• Spatial plan for Saulkrasti municipality, 2003
  2015 (now in amendment process)

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PLANNING TOOLS FOR ICZM AT MUNICIPAL LEVEL

• Local development strategy
• Local development programmes (mid-term and
  short-term)
• General spatial plan
• Detailed spatial planning
• Set of local regulations
• Thematic development plans for municipal services
• Thematic development and spatial plan for coastal
  zone
• Involving of public in development and spatial
  planning processes

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3. PRINCIPLES FOR ELABORATING INTEGRATED COASTAL
ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN
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KEY CHAPTERS OF IZCM LOCAL POLICY GUIDELINES

• Introduction
• EU approach key principles of ICZM
• Planning area description
• Integrated management and sustainability blocks
  situation analysis
• Prior integrative problem areas and corresponding
  guidelines for policy programmes
• Programmes of actions and list of proposals for
  demonstration projects
• Demonstration proposals list
• Contents
• Sources and references
• Appendices

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SITUATION ANALYSIS INTEGRATED MANAGEMENT

• Stakeholder groups
• Regulatory/planning frame analysis
• Sectorial analysis
• _________________________
• Nature environment D
• Economics Tourism E, ET
• Social environment S
• Governance Communication P
• _________________________
• Brief analysis results further

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INTEGRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS THE ANALYSIS STRUCTURE

• Problem formulation
• Policy values, intentions and goals
• Key policy principles
• Policy declaration
• Spheres of activities
• Preconditions, resources and tools
• Indicators
• Basis for the management cycle

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4. ICZM CASE STUDY EU INTERREG PROJECT DEDUCE
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COASTAL SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT IN EUROPE

• Latvia was among 9 partner countries in the EU
  INTERREG III project DEDUCE, 2003-2007.
• Goal of the project assessment of coastal
  sustainability for partner countries.
• Importance of project EU-supported basis for a
  unified indicator system and for preparation of
  EU directive providing for implementation and
  application of such system.
• 45 indicators were elaborated and calculated in
  every country, illustrating the following
  branches of coastal governance (i.e., the system
  was oriented towards the following goals)
• To control the population density of natural
  areas on the coast.
• To protect and promote the diversity of natural
  and cultural heritage.
• To promote sustainable economy for the coast.
• To ensure a good state of the bathing waters and
  the coast.
• To reduce social exclusion in coastal
  communities.
• Respectful use of natural resources.
• To recognize the risks for the coast associated
  with climate change and to ensure the protection
  of ecosystems.

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PROJECT DEDUCE GOALS

• 1. To characterize, calculate and compare the
  use and compatibility of the 28 indicators of
  sustainability proposed by the ICZM Expert Group
  in each of the territories represented by the
  partners.
• 2. To evaluate and compare the geographical
  information systems (GIS) for the analysis and
  viewing of the state of the environment of each
  of the coastal areas and the methodologies based
  on the use of the GIS through the website
  GIS-WEB).
• 3. To establish common models of reporting on the
  state of sustainability of the coast, in which
  the effects of human activities and their
  potentiality are evaluated and monitored.
• 4. The drawing up of a guide for the use of the
  indicators of sustainability for examining the
  development of the state of the coast and whether
  the decision making of the governments (European,
  national, regional and local) is based on
  integrated coastal management.
• 5. To study the possibilities of setting up bases
  for a European network specialising in
  information about the coast.

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ASSESSMENT OF SUSTAINABILITY FOR COASTAL ZONE IN
LATVIA

• The difference between littoral zone and inland
  is not significant in Latvia only some
  indicators show a principal difference.
• The development is concentrated at some points
  only. Other littoral area can be characterized as
  sparsely populated, with a weak infrastructure
  and a low level of economic activities.
• Conservation is dominating over development,
  therefore we cannot affirm that the coastal zone
  in Latvia could be characterized by sustainable
  development.
• Coastal zone has a large unused potential for
  welfare improvement and economic development.

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SPATIAL SPECIFICS OF COASTAL ZONE IN LATVIA

• Two types of areas
• urban (Liepaja, Ventspils, Jurmala)
• rural/town (for example, Salacgriva, Saulkrasti,
  Mersrags, Jurkalne).
• The capital Riga is in a particular situation
  the agglomeration has a sea border, but all the
  main activities are diverted inland main impacts
  come through the River Daugava and the sea port,
  located on the Daugava some kilometers distant
  from the sea.

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5. ICZM CASE STUDY SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY
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SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY IN LATVIA
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ICZM AT SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY AS GOOD PRACTICE
CASE

• Identification of integrative problem areas as a
  significant stage in integrated planning process
• Possibility to measure sustainability of coastal
  development processes with a corresponding system
  of indicators for the first time in national
  practice!
• Full planning cycle 4P supported
• Numerous possible demonstration projects as an
  idea store
• ICZM approach model project as a sample for other
  coastal zone municipalities

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MAIN CONTENT BLOCKS FOR THE GUIDELINES

• Introduction
• EU approach key principles for coastal
  sustainability governance
• Brief overview for Saulkrasti municipality
  territory
• Situation analysis of integrated coastal
  governance
• Priority integrated problem areas and policy
  guidelines for programmes of action
• Programmes of action and proposals for
  demonstration projects
• Demonstration projects
• Summary
• Sources and references
• Appendices

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DESCRIPTION OF SAULKRASTI MUNICIPALITY AREA

• Brief geographical description
• area 48 km2, town area 6,8 km2, shoreline 17 km,
  45 km from Riga, four small rivers Age, Kišupe,
  Peterupe, Incupe
• Demography and habitat structure
• 6105 residents (2009), four historical parts
  Pabaži, Peterupe, Neibade, Zvejniekciems, almost
  13 000 summer visitors in season
• Entrepreneurship and impact factors on area
  development
• Skulte port cargo turnover 451 thsd. tons in
  2008. Tourism facilities.
• Main resources of nature and environment
• 17 km sand beaches, specially protected nature
  park area Piejura
• Principal risks
• coastal erosion, transport risks

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CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL ZONE IN SAULKRASTI

• Coastal zone is the main geospatial factor
  impacting on Saulkrasti municipality development,
  presenting the largest possibilities and
  simultaneously creating significant problems.
  Most of coastal problems have a legislative
  solution, but it does not solve the whole
  spectrum of problems.
• The key factor promoting entrepreneurship the
  Skulte port. A relatively large impact of
  seasonality. Other entrepeneurship is not
  affected considerably by coastal presence, but
  has all the possibilities to use it to its
  advantage.
• The infrastructure of tourism is not closely
  integrated with the coastal zone. However, the
  close seashore and seasonality are the key
  factors impacting on their activities. Only some
  objectives of tourism are principally and closely
  connected with the seashore.

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CHARACTERISTICS OF COASTAL ZONE IN SAULKRASTI

• Clean-up and maintenance work is done in summer
  on the seashore, incl. environmentally friendly
  actions. Current problems seasonal littering in
  coastal dunes and other forest areas, mechanical
  loads (trampling down, etc.).
• Water supply and sewage networking area
  reconstruction and enlargement. High level of
  information to residents about it. Networking is
  insufficient and in a bad technical condition.
• The significance of seashore and internal waters
  is neglected in the town's and municipality's
  symbolic representations. Opportunities afforded
  by the seashore, apart from some mass events in
  summer, are reflected in the cultural environment
  unsatisfactorily.

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PRINCIPAL INTEGRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS IN SAULKRASTI
MUNICIPALITY

1. Protective zone for coastal dunes erosion,
   management, biodiversity D
2. Implementation of strategic management principles
   in public services sector D
3. Port complex E
4. Development planning E
5. Resources of nature, cultural history and
   recreation as preconditions for tourism
   development ET

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PRINCIPAL INTEGRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS IN SAULKRASTI
MUNICIPALITY

1. Role of entrepreneurship in promotion of tourism
   development ET
2. Quality of life for residents S
3. Polycentricity, or existence of several centres
   with equivalent dominance in the municipality
   area S
4. Collaboration governance for coastal
   municipality P
5. ICZM coastal communication P

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INTEGRATIVE PROBLEM AREAS THE ANALYSIS STRUCTURE

• Problem formulation
• Policy values, intentions and goals
• Key policy principles
• Policy declaration
• Spheres of activity
• Preconditions, resources and tools
• Indicators
• Basis for the management cycle

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INDICATOR SYSTEM FOR MEASURING COASTAL
SUSTAINABILITY IN SAULKRASTI

• D1. Green frame status
• D2. Potential environmental loads from public
  utilities
• D3. Air quality and climate change factors
• D4. Surface water quality
• D5. Land use development
• D6. Nature risks
• E1. Economically active people
• E2. Municipality budget
• E3. Traffic routes
• E4. Skulte port development
• E5. Tourism characteristics ET
• S1. Health care characteristics
• S2. Support for cultural environment
• S3. Employment and entrepreneurship
• S4. Social care and social security
• S5. Education system characteristics
• S6. Social life quality
• TOTAL 24 indicators, 55 measurements

P1. Activities for environment preservation P2.
Public information on environmental events P3.
Activities in non-governmental sector I1. Number
of residents I2. Area development index I3. Area
attractiveness index I4. Opinions of residents
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BASIS FOR THE MANAGEMENT CYCLE

• Distribution of responsibility
• Communication and training
• Monitoring and audit
• System improvement
• ________________________
• Activities and activity programmes
• ________________________
• Demonstration projects

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6. Bibliography
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Bibliography

1. COM(2000) 547 Communication From The Commission
   To The Council And The European On Integrated
   Coastal Zone Management A Strategy For Europe
   Parliament. Brussels, 27.09.2000
2. Evaluation Model for the Sustainable Development
   of European Coastal Zones DEDUCE Project Interreg
   IIIc South. Summary.
3. Kaulinš J., Iespejas Latvijas piekrastes
   ilgtspejibas novertešanai ar indikatoru metodi.
   Rakstu kraj. Piekrastes ilgtspejiga attistiba
   sadarbibas parvaldiba. LU Akademiskais apgads,
   R.,2008., 127.-137.lpp.
4. 05.02.1997. law Protection zone act
5. 08.05.2008. law Development planning system act
6. 02.03.1993. law On Specially Protected Natural
   Areas
7. 21.03.2002. law Regional development act
8. 2.05.2002. law Spatial planning act

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42
Bibilgraphy

• 06.04.2010. Regulations, issued by Cabinet No.341
  " Rules for establishing and higiene of places
  for swimming"
• 14.03.2006. Regulations, issued by Cabinet No.204
  " Individual rules for protection and
  exploitation of nature park Piejura
• 25.08.2009. Regulations, issued by Cabinet No.970
  " Order of social participation at development
  planning process
• 06.10.2009. Regulations, issued by Cabinet
  No.1148 Rules for the local spatial planning
• Recommendation of the European Parliament and of
  the Council of 30 May 2002 concerning the
  implementation of Integrated Coastal Zone
  Management in Europe. OJ L 148, 6.6.2002, p.
  2427
• Basic regulations for coastal zone spatial
  development 2011-2017. Project. 33 p.
• Long-term national development strategy until
  2030. 2010., 100 p.
• National environmental policy plan 20042008,
  accepted from the Cabinet with 04.02.2004
  instruction No.81
• Environmental policy guidelines 2009 2015,
  accepted from the Cabinet with 01.07.2009
  instruction No.517

COBWEB, Interreg IV A, the European Union
2011 University of Latvia, Department of
Environmental Management
J.Kaulinš. R.Ernšteins, V. Antons, S. Kuršinska