Personality

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Personality

• Chapter 15

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Activity

• Tear a blank sheet of paper in half.
• On a ½ sheet of paper- write a list of
  words/characteristics
• that describe your personality
• On the other halfdraw a pig.

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• Get a partner that knows you- give them the empty
  half sheet with your name on it
• Your partner should now describe you

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• Give the list back to the person
• Compare the list you wrote, with the list your
  partner wrote
• Are there similarities differences? Why?

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• How are people similar?
• How are people different?
• What makes you unique?

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Personality

• A persons unique and relatively consistent
  patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

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Theories of Personality

• Different theories tell us how and why we have
  the personality we do.

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Psychoanalysis- Freud

• Personality is determined from your unconscious
  desires/ conflicts
• (sexual aggressive)

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Consciousness

• Unconscious- what you dont know is there- formed
  in early childhood
• Preconscious- you dont know, but can get easily
• Conscious- what you know and can remember

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Psychoanalytical ApproachThe Unconscious Mind

• Unconscious Mind the most basic of all human
  instincts and desires live in the unconscious
  mind.
• Primitive, uncontrolled thoughts of sex,
  aggression, hunger.

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Psychoanalytical Approach The Unconscious Mind

• Unconscious Mind
• contains all of our repressed thoughts, passions,
  desires, wishes, feeling, etc.
• Repressed feelings are forcibly blocked from our
  consciousness because they would be too
  unsettling to acknowledge

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Psychoanalytical Approach

• How do we access the Unconscious Mind?

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Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind

• Dream Interpretation
• Manifest Content the actual content of dreams
• Latent Content the interpreted content of a
  dream and unconscious wishes

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Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind

• Free Association
• Patient reports all thoughts, feelings, and
  mental images that come to mind.
• Ie. Say the first thing that comes to mind when I
  say Cat

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• The unconscious effects the conscious level in
  symbolic, disguised forms.

• Freudian Slips- mistakes from unconscious mind

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Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind

• The Freudian Slip - Speech
• "As I was telling my husb" before abruptly
  breaking off and correcting herself "As I was
  telling President Bush."
• Condeleeza Rice
• Does the Secretary of State have a tormented
  life??

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Psychoanalytical Approach Accessing the
Unconscious Mind

• The Freudian Slip - Speech
• Please do not give me any bills, because I
  cannot swallow them (Patient meant to say pills,
  but was really preoccupied by financial stresses)
• Youre the breast dressed woman here. (Man to
  his neighbors wife at costume party. Should
  have said best. Does this men he lusts after
  her?)

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Freudian Slips Clip Here
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Testing

• Projective Tests
• Personality tests that provide ambiguous stimuli
  to trigger projection of ones inner thoughts and
  feelings

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Psychoanalytical Approach Developing Personality

• The battle for satisfaction between the
  unconscious mind and our conscious awareness
  takes place on three mental battlefields
• ID
• EGO
• SUPEREGO

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Freuds personality structure

• Id- At Birth
• Unconscious
• Pleasure Principle
• Irrational, instinctual, Immediate

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• Ego- comes with experience
• Reality Principle
• Part Conscious (un, pre)
• Organized, rational, acceptable ways to desire
• Mediator

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Superego- (5 or 6)

• Morality Principle
• Partly Conscious (un, pre)
• Values, acceptable behavior, conscience,
  guilt-shame-anxiety

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Ego Defense Mechanisms

• Your EGO must safely and responsibly satisfy your
  ID, while keeping in mind your SUPEREGO

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• Too much for the ego anxiety
• Reality is distorted to keep away the anxiety

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Defense Mechanism

• Your minds way of reducing internal stress
  caused by excess anxiety

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Repression

• Excluding from consciousness all anxiety
  producing thoughts, feelings, impulses

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• You cant remember anything about a car accident
  you had two weeks ago
• The accident produces too much anxiety- so it
  goes away

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Regression

• Behaving in a way that is characteristic of
  earlier development (childlike).

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• My 10 year old is sucking her thumb all of a
  sudden, she stopped at age 2.
• After a divorce (she cant handle the idea) she
  reverts back to a safer time

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Identification

• When a person changes some aspect of their
  personality to be more like others thus
  reducing anxiety.
• Occurs on a subconscious level not just
  mimicking

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Defense Mechanisms
Reaction Formation

• when the EGO is stressed over whether not it is
  making the right decision regarding a behavior,
  instead of dealing

with the anxiety, the EGO enacts behavior that is
exactly opposite of the decision it made
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Psychoanalytical ApproachDefense Mechanisms

• A child, angry at his or her mother, may become
  overly concerned with her and rather dramatically
  shower her with affection.
• An abused child may run to the abusing parent. Or
  someone who can't accept a homosexual impulse may
  claim to despise homosexuals

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Displacement

• Redirection of impulse toward a safer
  alternative

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• I was really upset because my seniors miss too
  many days of class, I cant hurt them, so I pick
  something I can hurt

I go home and kick my dog instead
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Rationalization

• Justifying your actions/ feelings with another
  explanation- not your true feelings

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• Im glad I didnt get into that college- the
  drive would have been too far.
• You were really upset about not getting in, but
  cant face that anxiety

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Projection

• Giving your own unacceptable urges or qualities
  to others.

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• I dont understand how he doesnt get a
  detention- he is always late to class!
• You have been late 15 times, but you dont talk
  about YOU.

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Denial

• Failing to recognize or acknowledge the existence
  of information that causes anxiety.

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• No, I dont have a drinking problem, I can stop
  anytime I want.
• You are an alcoholic- your friends and family all
  know it, but you wont admit it.

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Compensation

• Covering up weaknesses, frustrations, feelings of
  inadequacy or incompetence in ones life by
  striving for excellence in another area.

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compensation

• Under compensation leads to inferiority complex
• Over compensation leads to superiority complex

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Sublimation

• The Transfer of unwanted behaviors into something
  less harmful.

• Freud considered it the only healthy defense
  mechanism

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• A person who is angry may work out and get in
  shape as a result
• A person that is sexually frustrated may become
  an artist and release the pent up energy and
  emotion into great works of art.

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Psychosexual Stages

• Freuds theory of sexual development
• Sexual means whatever brings pleasure, not
  procreation

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• Your Sexual Energy (Libido) is focused on
  different parts of the body at different ages.

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• If too much or too little energy is expressed
  during each stage- a person can become fixated
• Fixated stages affect your personality

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Oral Stage

• Birth to 1 ½
• Pleasure through eating, biting, putting
  everything in mouth
• The primary conflict at this stage is the weaning
  process (becoming less dependent)

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Fixated?

• If child has a problem developing independence,
  fixation will occur
• Personality is highlighted by dependency issues,
  aggression, gullibility, sarcasm, lack of
  confidence
• Bites on pens, smokes, bites fingernails,
  addicted to chap stick, chews a lot of gum

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Anal Stage

• 1 ½ to 3
• Potty training is the major conflict
• Pleasure through control of elimination
• Developing this control leads to a sense of
  accomplishment and control.

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Fixated?

• inappropriate parental responses during potty
  training can result in negative outcomes.
• too lenient an anal-expulsive personality could
  develop in which the individual has a messy,
  wasteful, or destructive personality.
• too strict or too early an anal-retentive
  personality develops in which the individual is
  stringent, orderly, rigid, and obsessive.

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Phallic Stage

• Age 3-5
• Discover genitals ( difference between girls
  boys)
• Attachment to opp. sex parent, Jealous of same
  sex parent

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Oedipus Complex

• Unconscious desire for opposite sex parent
  hostility toward same sex parent
• Boys Mommies

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Electra Complex

• Unconscious desire for opposite sex parent
  hostility toward same sex parent
• Girls Daddies
• Penis Envy

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Identification

• To get rid of urges imitation of same sex
  parent
• Boys want to only play with Daddy, Girls only
  with Mommy

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Karen Horney

• "Girls hold their mother responsible for their
  lack of a penis and do not forgive her for their
  being thus put at a disadvantage" Freud (1933)
• Freud felt that all women remain fixated in the
  phallic stage due to this penis envy

I propose that men are fixated on this stage due
to Womb Envy! They feel inferior because they
cant give birth to children!
The concept of Penis Envy is inaccurate and
demeaning!
So take that Freud!
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Fixation in the Phallic Stage

• For men Anxiety and guilty feelings about sex,
  fear of castration, and narcissistic personality.
  
• For women It is implied that women never
  progress past this stage fully and will always
  maintain a sense of envy and inferiority

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Latency Stage

• Age 5- Puberty
• No sexual energy (absence of libido) in part
  due to the growth of the ego and superego
• Learns gender identity

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• Guys are gross
• Girls have cooties..

• Girls play with girls
• Boys play with boys

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Latent Stage

• Fixations do not develop in this stage

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Genital Stage

• Puberty
• Reproduction capable
• Mature, responsible urges and pursuit of
  relationships
• No Fixation any problems arising during this
  phase is due to a fixation from a previous stage

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Updating Freuds Theory

• Modern Psychologists put less emphasis than Freud
  on
• Sexual basis of personality
• Men vs. women
• Freuds Theories are updated by the likes of
  Erikson, Piaget, etc