AP World History

1
AP World History

• Period Five Industrialization and Global
  Integration
• c. 1750- c. 1900

2
Historical Periodization

• Why 1750 1900?
• What global processes, world historical events,
  and major turning points were going around those
  dates?
• 1750
• Mainly agricultural based societies
• People beginning to question political and
  religious authority(Scientific Revolution
  Enlightenment)
• 1900
• The West has industrialized
• Europe, Japan, and US control huge portions of
  the world

3
Period Five Key Concepts

• 5.1 Industrialization and Global Capitalism
• New ways of producing goods and the economic
  reaction to it
• 5.2 Imperialism and Nation-State Formation
• European global domination and unification of
  states
• 5.3 Nationalism, Revolution, and Reform
• Challenges and overthrow of traditional political
  systems
• 5.4 Global Migration
• Mass movement of people followed
  industrialization and global empires

4
Revolution and Nationalism
5
A Period of Revolution

• The late 18th century marks the beginning of an
  intense period of revolution against existing
  governments
• American Revolution
• French Revolution
• Haitian Revolution
• Latin American Revolutions
• The rise and diffusion of Enlightenment thought
  that questioned the established traditions in all
  areas of life preceded and influenced these
  revolutions

6
Enlightenment Thinkers

• John Locke
• Social Contract
• Individual rights life, liberty, property
• Government role to protect these rights
• Voltaire
• Freedom of speech/press and religion

7
Popular Sovereignty

• Collectively, enlightenment thought provoked the
  idea of popular sovereignty
• Notion that the legitimate political control
  rests with the people who make up a society, not
  kings

8
American Revolution

• Laws passed by the English government to limit
  expansion as well as pass taxes on the American
  colonies
• American colonies looking for more independence
• On July 4, 1776 the Declaration of Independence
  is issued
• War goes on until 1781
• In 1789, the U.S. sets up a new constitutional
  structure with checks and balances between the
  different branches of government as well as
  limited voting rights (to wealthy white males)

9
French Revolution

• France was in economic turmoil in 1780s
• Society divided into ancien regime (Three
  Estates)
• King Louis XVI forced to call estates general in
  1789
• 3rd estate delegates only have one vote
• Tennis Court Oath July 1789

10
French Revolution

• 3rd Estate declare themselves the National
  Assembly
• Write The Declaration of the Rights of Man and
  the Citizen
• Based on ideas of Declaration of Independence and
  other Enlightenment ideas

11
French Revolution

• 1792-1793 were the radical phase of revolution
  known as Reign of Terror
• Led by Robespierre and the Jacobins

12
French Revolution

• Final phase of revolution occurred under Napoleon
  from 1799 to 1815 during which expansion of the
  French empire occurred
• Parliament reduced in power, but religious
  freedom, equality for men, education, were
  promoted
• Olympia de Gouges Declaration of the Rights of
  Woman and the Female Citizen

13
Haitian Revolution

• Led by former slave Toussaint Louverture
• Had support of large communities of maroons
• Escaped slaves hiding out in mountains
• Napoleon sends forces to put it down, but they
  are unable to
• Achieves independence in 1804

14
Latin American Revolutions
CAUSES

• Political and Social Inequality
• Peninsulares
• Creoles
• Mestizos
• Mulattoes
• Native Amer./Africans/Zambos

• Enlightenment Ideas
• Napoleons Actions
• Success of Other Revolutions

15
Leaders of Latin American Independence Movements
Simon Bolivar
Father Miguel Hidalgo
Dom Pedro
Augustin de Iturbide
Jose San Martin
16
Nationalism

• Beginning in the 18th century, people around the
  world began developing a sense of commonality
  based on language, religion, social customs, and
  territory
• These newly imagined national communities linked
  this identity with the borders of the state
• Some governments used this idea to unite diverse
  populations
• Italy and Germany