Prevent Disease Promote Health

1
Prevent Disease Promote Health

• We will take a look at
• Obesity
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Disease Prevention

2
Disease Prevention

• Why do we want to prevent disease?
• What are the most devastating diseases?

3
Top Ten Causes of Death in the United States

• 1. Heart Disease
• 2. Cancer
• 3. Stroke
• 4. Emphazema
• 5. Unintentional injury

• 6. Diabetes
• 7. Influenza/
• Pneumonia
• 8. Alzheimer's
• 9. Kidney
• Disease
• 10. Infections

4
Diabetes Mellitus Facts

• 17 million people in the US have Diabetes.
• 11.1 million have been diagnosed
• 5.9 are undiagnosed.

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What Causes Diabetes?

• The body does not produce or properly use the
  hormone insulin.
• Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert
  sugars, starches and other food into energy.

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Type 1 Diabetes

• Accounts for 5-10 of all Diabetes in the United
  States.
• Results from the bodies failure to produce
  insulin.
• May be a genetic disposition to immune
  destruction.

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Type 2 Diabetes

• 90-95 of Americans with Diabetes have Type 2.
• Results from decreased insulin resistance
  (produce insulin, but dont use it effectively).
• May be caused by obesity, age, genetics.

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Complications from Diabetes

• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Hypertension
• Blindness
• Kidney Disease

• Dental Disease
• Pregnancy Complications
• Nervous System Disease
• Amputations

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Preventing Diabetes

• You can lower your risk of getting Diabetes by
  doing the following
• Maintain your Ideal Body Weight.
• Make healthy food choices.
• Exercise on a regular basis.

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Prevention is the Key!

• Secretary of Health and Human Services Tommy
  Thompson is promoting preventative measures such
  as increased community education on Diabetes.

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The Cost of Diabetes

• The cost of healthcare in the US was 1.4
  trillion in 2001, three quarters of that was used
  to treat chronic (ongoing) diseases that could be
  prevented, such as Diabetes.
• The cost of Diabetes in the US is nearly 98
  billion per year in direct and indirect
  expenditures.

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The Cost of Diabetes

• This is why prevention can be effective, it can
  lower healthcare costs for all of us, plus reduce
  risk of acquiring this disease.

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Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS,
1990
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Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS,
1991-92
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Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS,
1993-94
Source Mokdad et al., Diabetes Care
2000231278-83
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Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS,
1995-96
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Prevalence of Diabetes among U.S. Adults, BRFSS,
1997-98
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Coronary Heart Disease

• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) results from the
  narrowing of the coronary arteries that feed the
  heart.

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Coronary Heart Disease

• CHD affects 7 million Americans each year, each
  year approximately 500,000 people die from heart
  attacks.
• Atherosclerosis is the gradual build up of
  plaques in blood vessels that feed the heart.

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Cholesterol

• Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like substance that
  occurs naturally in the body.
• The body uses cholesterol for hormone, Vitamin D
  and bile acid production.
• High cholesterol levels can increase your risk
  for developing CHD.

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Risk Factors for CHD

• Risk Factors that cannot be controlled
• Age
• Gender
• Genetics

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Risk Factors for CHD

• Risk Factors that can be controlled
• Smoking
• High Cholesterol
• High Blood Pressure
• Physical Inactivity
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Stress
• Alcohol Consumption

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Preventing CHD

• Factors that can help prevent CHD are the
  following
• Be at or near Ideal Body Weight
• Exercise regularly
• Lower intake of saturated fat
• Increase Omega-3-Fatty Acids
• Relaxation techniques

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Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1985
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
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Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
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Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
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Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
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Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
29
Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
30
Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
31
Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
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Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
33
Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
34
Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
35
Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
36
Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
37
Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
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Prevalence of Obesity among U.S. Adults BRFSS,
1986
(Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
Source Mokdad A H, et al. Am Med Assoc
200028413
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Cancer

• The term cancer refers to a group of diseases
  in which cells grow and spread throughout the
  body
• Different kinds of cancer lung, breast, colon
  most common
• Tissue cancer cartilage, muscle
• Immature blood cells form another type of cancer

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What Causes Cancer

• Viruses can trigger the development of cancer
• Exposure to too much sunlight
• Too many calories fat may play a role
• Low fruit and vegetable intake may play a role

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What Causes Cancer?

• Cigarette smoking is responsible for most lung
  cancer
• Excessive alcohol can increase the risk of mouth,
  throat esophagus cancer
• People who smoke drink have 40 times the risk
  of cancer than those who dont smoke drink

Lung cancer cells
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What Causes Cancer?

• Occupations such as working around certain kinds
  of wood or gas exposed to cancer causing
  substances
• Air and car pollution

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Cancer Facts

• Almost 90 of adult smokers are addicted at or
  before age 18.
• About one-third of 3,000 youth who start to smoke
  will die from smoking mainly cancer.
• 28.5 of high school students have smoked within
  the last 30 days

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Cancer Facts

• Because at least half overweight children become
  overweight adults, an increase of weight during
  childhood and teen years will result in an
  increase risk of developing cancer and other
  heart diseases.

Fat cells
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Can What You Eat REALLY make a Difference?

• Increase
• Whole grain products
• Fruits and vegetables
• Lowfat or fat free dairy products
• Lean meats, fish, nuts, beans
• Unsaturated fats such as olive oil
• Water

• Decrease
• Fast foods
• Sodas
• Candy and Sweets
• Potato Chips
• Saturated fats such as butter
• Salty foods

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Conclusion

• What can you do to prevent diseases such as
  Diabetes and Coronary Heart Disease?
• Change your lifestyle to meet the recommended
  guidelines for healthy eating exercise.
• Do everything in moderation, including moderation!