Biomes: Rainforest

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Biomes Rainforest

• 7th Period

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Capuchin Monkey
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Capuchin Monkey

• Capuchin Monkeys live in the Amazon Rainforest.
• They are omnivores who eat both plants animals
  like fruit leaves, seeds, berries, flowers
  spiders, oysters, birds, small mammals and
  insects.
• The main predators of Capuchin monkeys are Boa
  Constrictors, Jaguars, Hawks and Eagles.
• Capuchin monkeys are highly intelligent who use
  sticks, branches and stones to open shells, nuts
  and hard animals.
• Capuchin Monkeys avoid prey by living up high in
  the treetops where prey like Boa Constrictors and
  Jaguars can not reach them.
• Capuchin Monkeys use warning calls to alarm
  members of the group when danger might occur.
  They are also very territorial they mark their
  Capuchin Monkeys dominate 80 to 212 acres of
  land for food . This how they are equipped to
  live in the rainforest and outcompete its
  opponent.

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Spider Monkey
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Spider Monkey

• Spider monkeys have long, lanky arms and
  prehensile (gripping) tails that enable them to
  move gracefully from branch to branch and tree to
  tree and it allows them to reach food up in the
  canopy where animals on the ground cant reach.
  Spider monkeys (of several species) live in the
  tropical rain forests of Central and South
  America and occur as far north as Mexico. Spider
  monkeys or mostly primary consumers. They base
  their diet and can live off of fruit and nuts.
  Their fruit-loving tendencies causes the monkeys
  to play an important role in dispersing the seeds
  of many fruiting trees of the rainforest. When
  fruits are not available, the monkeys consume the
  leaves of a variety of tree species.
  Additionally, spider monkeys consume eggs,
  invertebrates and other small creatures from time
  to time. During the dry season or when food is
  scarce, the monkeys consume flowers, honey and
  tree bark. Hunters hunt spider monkeys for food
  and also sell the mother with young offspring for
  pet trade.

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African Elephant
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African Elephant

• The elephant is the biggest mammal in Asia. In
  Asia elephants can be found in the rainforests
  there. In Africa, they are found in the
  Savannah's. Elephants can be found in India,
  parts of Arica and Asia. The elephant falls into
  the primary consumers category. They feed off the
  producers being grasses and plants. The
  elephants  found in  the rainforest have adapted
  by becoming smaller and wider, with a longer jaw
  thus giving them a longer narrower face. Some
  elephants have also adapted by changing color
  from the brown to grey to even black, this gives
  them a better camouflage in the forest in order
  to find from predators.

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Bullet Ant
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Bullet Ant

• Parponera clavata is known as the bullet ant
  because of the intense pain it inflicts with its
  stings. The bullet ant lives in South America,
  Central America Rainforests. Bullet ants
  commonly live off of plant nectar. They have
  also been known to eat other insects like
  termites and other types of food including sap
  and nectar. Bullet ants adaptations help them
  avoid being prey to the anteaters. They develop
  stingers which are thought to have evolved in
  order to protect them from predators. When the
  nest of bullet ant is disturbed, the defenders of
  the colony swarm out release a very musky odor
  and signal audible warning to each other. They
  may also grab and often times sting the intruder.
  Venom contained within the stinger, called
  poneratoxin, is a neurotoxin peptide. It
  affects the victim's voltage dependent sodium ion
  channels and in the process blocks any synaptic
  transmissions traveling throughout the central
  nervous system. Poneratoxin causes an extreme
  amount of pain within ten minutes of the ant's
  sting and causes slow harsh muscle contractions
  and a burning sensation which usually last 24
  hours.
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Tamarin Monkey
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• The Tamarins diet mainly consists of many plants
  but in some cases they may consume fruit, a
  variety of different insects, and occasionally
  small vertabrates. Their homes may vary, many
  tamarins live in the Amazon Basin but their
  original country of origin are southeast Peru,
  and northeastern brazil. Its coat protects it
  from predators in the forest during different
  seasons.

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Gliding Tree Frog
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Gliding Tree Frog

• Gliding tree frogs live in tropical and
  subtropical wetlands (some in Colombia, Costa
  Rica, Ecuador, and Panama) and swampy areas. Most
  of their time is spent in high trees, theyre
  nocturnal. They only go to the ground during
  mating season. They are carnivorous and eat
  things like crickets, flies, and moths. Things
  that eat them are snakes, birds, monkeys, and
  large rodents. Ways that it adapts are Its
  colors change from light (day) to dark (night)
  and their large webbed toes help them glide and
  move easier through their habitat (trees) and
  makes it easier for them to do things like
  searching for food. This species is equipped to
  live in the rainforest and outcompete its
  opponents because it is small, and its
  adaptations make is easier to hide from predators
  and easier for it to survive.

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Red Crab Spider
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Red Crab Spider

• Red Crab Spiders can be yellow, white, or pale
  green, depending on the color of the flower or
  leaf that they are trying to blend in to. To
  trap their prey, they use camouflage hunting
  techniques and instead of using a web, they use
  their front legs to catch their prey. (They use
  camouflage to acquire food and to avoid
  predators) Since they use camouflage and barely
  like to move around, it can be very difficult to
  spot a Red Crab Spider with a naked eye. They
  mainly eat insects and bees. The predators of
  this type of spider are birds, lizards, and
  shrews. The Red Crab Spider can be found in a
  number of locations including Africa, the Amazon
  Rainforest, the Arctic, Asia, Australia, China,
  Europe, the Indian subcontinent, Madagascar, the
  Mediterranean, North America, Russia, South
  America, and the United Kingdom.

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Slime Mold
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Slime Mold

• Slime molds usually live in cool, shady moist
  places in the woods or on decaying logs, dead
  leaves, or other organic matter that holds
  moisture. Slime mold will eat things like
  bacteria, spores, and other organic matter like
  amoeba but once it fully grows will be fed on
  other animals. The fungi will absorb nutrients
  from living or dead organisms that they grow on.
  The fungi is important to this environment
  because it releases nitrogen, carbon, and other
  nutrients needed for organisms to enrich the
  soil. As nutrients are produced so are the fungi.

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Howler Monkey
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• Howler Monkey's are the largest of all the New
  World monkeys and they are native to the tropical
  forests of Central and South America. Their diet
  consists mainly of leaves, fruits and nuts, such
  as the fig. The howler monkey has adapted to live
  and eat in this environment by having a long tail
  used either to hold themselves onto branches or
  to even pluck fruit. They also have have loud
  vocalizations, or "howls" used for territory
  protection and mating. The only danger that they
  need to watch out for are hunters and poachers.
  Otherwise they are safe at the top of their food
  chain, and at the top of their tree. 

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Macaranga
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Macaranga

• Macaranga Tanarius, found in South East Asian,
  Papua New Guinean, and east of Australian
  rainforest. It is a Pioneer plant that grows in
  or near coastal rainforests. It is a producer
  which has a mutual relationship with ants which
  attack herbivorous insects and either drive them
  away or feed on them. It is a shrub or bushy tree
  reaching 12 m and a stem diameter of 40 cm, a
  short and crooked grey brown bark, bumps and
  irregularities. Smooth branches and bluish grey
  with leaf scars and germinate seeds with no
  difficulties.

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Flying Lemur
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Flying Lemur

• A flying lemur also known as the kagwang are one
  of two species of flying lemurs they lives in the
  treetops of tropical rainforest of the
  Philippines and the southern parts of Asia.
  Lemurs are herbivorous and feed on soft plants
  like fruit, flowers, buds, young leaves, nectar,
  and sap. Eagles and humans eat Lemurs, they have
  bold patches of fur that look like lichen which
  provides camo against predators. Lemurs
  outcompete their opponents by there camo and that
  because they are nocturnal.

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Siamang
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Siamang

• Siamang live in the forest of Southeast Asia.
  Siamang are omnivores with means they eat plants
  and small animals. They forage for fruits,
  leaves, spiders, birds and bird eggs. They are
  not often preyed on because not many predators
  can catch them in the trees. They live in the
  upper canopy and hunt in the trees of the forest.
  

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Chimpanzee
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Chimpanzee

• Chimpanzees are generally fruit and plant
  eaters, but they also consume insects, eggs, and
  meat, including carrion. Leopards are the main
  enemies of chimpanzees. They live in the tropical
  rainforest. Chimps are primarily rainforest
  animals. Chimpanzees will spend time both in
  trees and on the ground, but will usually sleep
  in a tree where it will build a nest for the
  night. They once inhabited most of this region,
  but their habitat has been dramatically reduced
  in recent years. Chimpanzees this means long arms
  and flexible joints for swinging and climbing,
  and thick black hair to shield them from
  rainforest downpours.  They can hear distant
  sounds and work out where the noise is coming
  from very important if it's a warning of
  danger. They use rocks as hammers to crack open
  nuts over another stone, and they find twigs to
  poke into the tiniest of holes to pluck out tasty
  ants without getting their fingers bitten.
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Parasitic Fungi
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Parasitic Fungi

• A parasitic fungus thrives by latching on to
  other organisms and taking nutrients from them
  giving nothing in return. It finds a healthy
  organism, invades it and drains it until the
  organism dies and continues to feed on it. Other
  fungi can kill the parasitic fungi such as
  Mycorrhical fungi. It reproduces and spreads
  throughout organisms like a disease, growing on
  them and traveling inside of their body. It
  grows from parasites living inside a fungus and
  organisms eating that fungus such as a mushroom

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Vines
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Vines

•             A large majority of vines grow in the
  tropical rainforests, somewhere around ninety
  percent. Vines tend to have very woody and thick
  stocks, the length and shape various from species
  to species. They use trees for support as they
  climb up from the rainforests floor. They climb
  so that they can reach the top of the forest to
  attain sunlight. They climb by winding up the
  tree trunks or by using tendrils. At the top of
  the canopy they spread throughout by attaching to
  other vines and trees. This is also helpful for
  the trees due to the large mass of vines
  protecting the trees by adding support through
  strong winds.

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Pitcher Plant
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Pitcher Plant

• Pitcher plants occurs natural in Madagascar,
  china, New Guinea Australia. There two types of
  pitcher plants one is called Nepenthaceae and
  Sarraceniaceae, the Nepenthaceace can be found in
  south china, Indonesia and other countries, and
  Sarraceniaceae can be found in north America.
  There also carnivore eating plants that eat
  insects or other animals can also eat small frogs
  or birds. The adaptation the pitcher plants like
  to live in is where the soil is thin or poor
  nutrients especially in nitrogen and in acidic
  bogs which is dead plans and rock outcropping.
  The leaves can fold and shape like cups were the
  predators fall inside and the pitcher plants eats
  it. They adapt to their environment by staying in
  nitrogen soil where they trap insects and the
  insects fall inside ,and when it falls inside and
  goes in the walls which gives the plants nutrient
  so basically they stay were a lot of dirty soil
  are where they meet worms and other bacterial
  insect so it easily for them to catch them and
  eat them.

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Orangutan
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Orangutan

• The orangutan is a great ape that is dominant in
  the rainforests. Currently, they are found only
  in the rainforests of Borneo and Sumatra.
  Orangutans are secondary consumers they mainly
  eat fruits and leaves, but if food is scarce they
  may eat insects or bark from trees, and they are
  prey to snow leopards and tigers. They usually
  get most of their food during the high fruit
  season, eating as much that could total up to
  11,000 calories. To avoid predators, they make
  nests up high on the canopy to live in. Its
  also where they would care for their young.
  Orangutans are the most intelligent primates.
  They are able to make tools for themselves to
  survive and make tasks easier. Examples of the
  tools they use would be to extract insects from
  their living areas and also use seed extracting
  tools to harvest seeds from hard-husked fruits.

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Magnificent Bird of Paradise
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Magnificent Bird of Paradise

• The Magnificent Bird of Paradise is a species
  where all the birds of paradise fall under. They
  live amongst hills and mid-mountain forest. Their
  diet consists of fruit and insects. This species
  has no natural carnivorous predators but due to
  excessive hunting by humans their kind slowly
  diminishes. The Birds of Paradise have a mating
  dance to entice the female species to get them to
  like him. The Birds of Paradise have a relatively
  easy life.

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Sqiurrel Monkey
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Squirrel Monkey

• Squirrel Monkeys are one of the most common
  species of monkeys that live in Central and South
  America. They spend most of their time up in the
  tree canopies, but come down to look for food.
  They feed on fruits and insects, and its biggest
  enemy is the eagle. Its adaptations include their
  thighs that are shorter relative to their lower
  legs this allows more jumping force. Also, their
  fur makes a secretion, especially on the tail
  that turns away predators.

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Hardwood Trees
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Hardwood Trees

• Hardwood Trees are commonly found in North
  American forest by their leaves, fruit, and
  flowers. Hardwood trees are classed by plants
  with ovules enclosed for protection in an ovary.
  Hardwood trees have broadleaves which are
  deciduous and lose their leaves seasonally.
  Leaves can be either single bladed or compound
  with an attached stem. In the rainforest hardwood
  trees have bigger base and roots. Hardwood trees
  help preserve the rainforest and the tropical
  hardwood species.

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Strangler Fig Tree
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Strangler Fig Tree

• The strangler fig tree gained the name
  strangler because of its pattern of growth upon
  host trees, which, in many cases, leads to the
  hosts death. It begins as a sticky seed that an
  animal leaves once it has consumed the main
  fruit. As it grows, long roots develop and
  descend along the trunk of the host tree,
  eventually reaching the ground and going into the
  soil. Several of its roots do this, and they
  become grafted together, forming a kind of
  strangling latticework, which creates a nearly
  complete sheath around the trunk. The host trees
  canopy becomes shaded by the thick fig foliage,
  its trunk choked by the surrounding root sheath,
  and its own root system forced to compete with
  that of the strangling fig. Its leaves are a
  green color. In the rainforest, strangler fig
  trees are ecologically important. The hollow
  centres of the strangler figs are full of large
  hollows that provide shelter and breeding sites
  for bats, birds, and other animals. Perhaps more
  importantly, stranglers are keystone species in
  that they provide food to a wide variety of
  animals during times of scarcity.