On November's eve - the fifth, In the year of '84, Three hardy sons of Staffordshire To labour went once more 'Mid the furnace light and glare, 'Twas indeed a busy scene; Those sons of toil they little knew Of the danger - then unseen

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Thin wall pressure vessel Explosion at
Wolverhampton, England, November 5th 1884 Three
men killed
On November's eve - the fifth,In the year of
'84,Three hardy sons of StaffordshireTo labour
went once more'Mid the furnace light and
glare,'Twas indeed a busy sceneThose sons of
toil they little knewOf the danger - then
unseen A sudden crash! A peal like cannon's
roar!Good God! What can it mean?Alas, their
earthly toil is o'er!While destruction reigns
supreme.They wrought and toiled as
EnglishmenKnow only how to do.And at the post
of duty fell, Mourned by all who knew.
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Pressure vessels are subject to loading from all
directions. The analysis can be relatively
straight forward if the walls are thin (less than
1/10 of the radius of the vessel). We will cover
cylindrical and spherical vessels. Away from the
ends the force in an annular section of the
vessel must balance the force due to the pressure
in the vessel.
Cross sectional area of section through hoop is
tdy and the stress in the hoop is ?1. The force
due to the pressure is distributed across the
entire inner area of the section. This area is
2rdy.
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For a spherical vessel the result is the same as
for the top of a cylinder. There is also a
radial stress that we have neglected it falls
from P inside to 0 outside the vessel. The thin
walls will be compressed in the radial direction.
For this analysis we will neglect this because
it is small if t/r is greater than 10.
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The gas pipe line is supported every 20 ft by
concrete piers and also lays on the ground. If
there are rigid retainers at the piers that hold
the pipe fixed, determine the longitudinal and
hoop stress in the pipe if the temperature rises
60 F from the temperature at which it was
installed. The gas is at a a pressure of 600
lb/in2. The pipe has an inner diameter of 20 in
and thickness of 0.25 in. The material is A36
steel (E29,000 ksi alpha6.6 x 10-6 /F)
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