What is Empowerment?

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What is Empowerment?

• Almost every society has within it same mirority
  groups that feel incapable of controlling their
  own destiny. Similarly that work organizations
  have a number of employees who belive that they
  are dependent on others and that their own
  efforts will have little impact on performance.

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Empowerment

• Empowerment helps remove the conditions that
  cause powerlessness while enhancing employee
  feeling of self- efficancy.
• They are five board approches to empowerment have
  been suggested.

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Board Approches

• Helping employees achieve job master
• (ex. Giving proper training,coaching.)
• Allowing more control
• (ex. Giving them discrection over job
  performance.)
• Providing saccessful role models
• (ex. Allowing them to observe peers.)
• Using social reinforcement and persuasion
• (ex. Giving praise.)
• Giving emotional support
• (ex. Providing reduction of stress.)

4
The Process of Empowerment

• Remove conditions
• of powerlessness
• - Changes
• - Leadership
• - Reward system
• - Job

Perepeptation of Empowerment -- Competence --
Autonomy -- Job meaning -- Sense of impact
Effectiveness
Enchance Job-related sef efficacy -- Job
mastery -- Control and accourtability -- Role
models -- Reinforcement -- Support
Satsfaction
5
What is Participation?

• Participative managers consult with their
  employees, bring them in on problems and
  decisions so they together as a team. The
  managers are not auto cracks, but neither are
  they managers who abandon their management
  responsibilities.

6
Participation?

• There are three important ideas in the
  participitions.
• 1- Involvement
• 2- Motivation to contribute
• 3- Responsibility

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Involvement

• First and probably foremost, participation means
  meaningful involvement rather than mere musucular
  activity. A person who participate is
  equ-involved instead of merely task-involved.

8
Motivation to Contribute

• A second concept in participation is that it
  motiveates people to contribute. They are
  emplowered to release their own resources of
  initiative and creativeity toward the objectives
  of organizations.

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Acceptance of Responsibility

• Finally, participation encourager people to
  accept responsibility in their groups activities.
  It is a social process by which people become
  self-involvesd in an organization and wnat to see
  it work successfully.

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What is Participation popular?

• Managers have for years recognized various
  benefits of participation, but these benefits
  were first demonstrated experimentally in clasic
  studies.

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Benefits of participations

• In various tyoes of organizatins under many
  different oporating conditions, participation has
  contributed to avariety of benefits.

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Forcase affescting of participation
Forcase affescting the greater use of
participation

• Research result
• Productivity improvement pressures
• Employee desires for meaning
• Employee disres and ezpertions
• Ethical arguments
• Utilization of workforce diversity

• P
• A
• R
• T
• I
• C
• I
• P
• A
• T
• I
• O
• N

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How participation works

• Outcomes
• Organization
• Higer output
• Better quality
• Creativity
• Innovations
• Employees
• Acceptance
• Self-efficacy
• Satisfation

situation
Participative programs

• Involvement
• Mental
• Emotional

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Two views of power
Strange as t may seem, participation actually may
increase the power of both managers and their
employees.

• Autocratic View
• Is a fixed amount
• Comes from the authority structures
• Is applied by management
• Flows downward

• Participative View
• Is a variable amount
• Comes from people throgh both official and
  unofficial chamels
• Is applied by shared ideas and activities in a
  group
• Flow in all direction

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Prerequisties for participation

1. Adequate time to participate
2. Potential benefits greather then coasts
3. Relevance to employee interests
4. Adequate employee abilities to deal with the
   subject
5. Mutual abilitiy to communicate
6. No feeling of there at to either party
7. Restriction to the area of job freedom

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Programs for participation

1. Suggestion programs are formal plans to incite
   individual employees to recomended work
   improvements.
2. Qualitiy circles
3. Total qualitiy management
4. Self managing
5. Employee ownership plans.

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Referance

• Organizational behavior human behavior at work
  11th edition.