World War II Rise of Dictators in Europe

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World War IIRise of Dictators in Europe

• Ms. Krall

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Road to War

• With the Outcome of the Treaty of Versailles, new
  governments were created in the 1920s and
  1930s. Three countries became Totalitarian while
  one was embroiled in a civil war.

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Totalitarianism

• version of authoritarian control that is
  willingly accepted by a group of people.
  Oppression is rational, systematic, and mostly
  goes unnoticed at first by the people.

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Italy

• FASCISM (right wing totalitarian movement based
  on extreme nationalism)
• Unhappy at outcome of treaty of Versailles (no
  territory in North Africa/Yugoslavia) and angered
  at British over the Ethiopian War.

• Benito Mussolini becomes leader in 1922. Stresses
  nationalism, increase military and new sense of
  imperialism. Italy becomes a Fascist state.
• By 1936 signs the Rome-Berlin Axis agreement-
  alliance between Nazi Germany and Italy.

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El Duce
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GERMANY-WEIMAR REPUBLIC

• Failure of government led to the rise of Adolf
  Hitler and the National Socialist German Workers
  Party (Nazi Party).
• With Hitler- Wrote Mein Kempf while in prison
• Supported an Aryan master race and
  anti-Semitism (hated towards Jews)

• Believed in a great German Empire- lebensraum
• Becomes Chancellor in 1933 (Nazi Party burns down
  the Reichstag)
• Becomes a Fascist state like Italy ( except Italy
  lacked supporting a master race)

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Der Führer
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SOVIET UNION

• Communism- totalitarian government in which a
  single authoritarian party controls the
  state-owned means of production with the alleged
  aim of establishing a classless society.
• After the death of Lenin, Josef Stalin becomes
  the Soviet Premier during the 1930s

• Does not take part in Treaty of Versailles
  (treaty of Brest-Litovsk) and becomes suspicious
  of western democracies.
• Uses propaganda to pass his 5 year plan of
  economic reform
• Eliminates his enemies during the purges of the
  1930s. Millions die/imprisoned.

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Joseph Stalin
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SPAIN

• Spanish Monarchy ends in 1931-government is
  controlled by leftists/socialists
• By 1936 right wing supporters headed by general
  Francisco Franco tried to control the government.
  Civil War breaks out between leftists,
  nationalists, and royalists (supported Monarchy)

• Mussolini and Hitler support Franco.
• By 1939 Spain is controlled by right-wing
  nationalists under Franco.

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Steps to War

• By 1938 Hitler plans to expand the boundaries of
  Germany (violation of Versailles). Annexes
  Austria and the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia.
  (Anschluss)

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Appeasement

• In response- 1938 Munich Conference (Germany,
  France, and GB). Hitler makes deal with Neville
  Chamberlain that no further advancement will take
  place.

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One more hurdleHitler Stalin Pact

• German/Soviet Non-aggression pact of August 1939-
  USSR stays out of possible war if Hitler promises
  not to invade the Soviet Union.

• Both will secretly divide up Poland.
• USSR will invade Finland.

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WAR!!

• September 1, 1939. Nazi Germany invades Poland.
  France and Great Britain declare war on Germany
  on September 3rd.
• From September 1939 until March 1940- called the
  Phony War
• March 1940- Hitler invades France