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Indices for Sustainable Resource Management: Some Generic Thoughts and An Application to Water Resources Management:

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Title: Indices for Sustainable Resource Management: Some Generic Thoughts and An Application to Water Resources Management:


1
Indices for Sustainable Resource ManagementSome
Generic Thoughts and An Application to Water
Resources Management
  • Kenneth Strzepek
  • University of Colorado
  • CISHDGC CMU

2
Indicators/Indices in Our Lives
  • Numbers we should know
  • Cholesterol Level (HDL/LDL)
  • Blood Pressure
  • Men (Cancer Marker)
  • Nikkei
  • Dow Jones
  • GINI Coefficient
  • Plus/Minus Goals Against

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What is an indicator good for?
  • The role of an indicator is
  • to monitor performance (over time and across
    cases)
  • to quantify (reduce uncertainty) and
  • to simplify (reduce complexity).
  •  
  • "indicators fulfill the social purpose to improve
    communication" (WRI 1995)
  • Depending on who the audience of that
    communication process is,
  • indicators should
  • describe and diagnose trends of states and
    developments
  • and identify limiting factors,
  • educate the general public,
  • help prepare political decisions and
  • contribute to evaluating measures that have
    been undertaken.

5
Human Development Report
  • Four composite indices for human development have
    been developed
  • the Human Development Index,
  • the Gender-related Development Index,
  • the Gender Empowerment Measure, and
  • the Human Poverty Index.

6
Environmental Indicator
  • United Nations Commission on Sustainable
    Development CSD
  • OECD Environmental Indicators Towards
    Sustainable Development
  • European System of Environmental Pressure Indices
  • Interagency Working Group on Sustainable
    Development Indicators
  • The Environmental Sustainability Index (ESI)
    Yale/CIESEN)

7
EU JRC EPI Dashboard
8
WRI Information/indicator pyramid
9
Modified Strict Pyramid
10
From Data to InformationA strict Taxonomy
  • Indicator must be more than number they must
    include knowledge about the issue that the
    indicator is trying to provide insight to, if it
    is going to be educate the general public, help
    prepare political decisions
  • Following in an example we can all relate to

11
Variable to Indicator
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Indicator to IndexAre you fit ?
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Conditional Indexes
  • BMI w / h2
  • A recognized problem with the body mass index is
    that it doesn't distinguish between fat weight
    and muscle weight. A modified BMI formula that
    takes fat content into account
  • BMI' (aFF aLL) / h2
  • where F is fat weight, L is lean weight, and aF
    and aL are constants chosen to satisfy the
    following two conditions
  • BMI' BMI for persons (of any weight) with a
    body fat content of 20
  • aF 2aL? aF 1.66 aL 0.83
  • These conditions respectively imply that
  • BMI' is approximately equal to BMI for "average"
    persons
  • fat weight counts twice as much toward BMI' as
    lean weight so for an average person, an
    exercise program that puts on 2 pounds of muscle
    for every pound of fat it burns off

17
Scale Issues inIndicators Spatial, Temporal,
Distributional
18
Zoom to Botswana
Botswana
Southern Africa Region
19
BOTSWANIAN USE TO YIELD RATIO
20
Demand for ???
21
Temporal Issues
22
Stochastic Issues
23
Distribution Issues
24
The three linked assessment components of the WWDR
25
The Problem
  • "I am determined to be wise"--
  • but this was beyond me.
  • Whatever wisdom may be,
  • it is far off and most profound--
  • who can discover it?
  • Ecc 724-25

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The Answer
  • Plans fail for lack of counsel,
  • but with many advisers they succeed.
  • PR 1522
  • Solomon Middle East Stakeholder

28
The Answer
  • I can by with a little help from my friends
  • Joe Cocker

29
Expert Group Recommendations
  • WWDR would be a major coordinated initiative of
    the UN system that would cover two distinct areas
    for each country
  • water resources assessment, development and
    management, to be examined mainly at
    basin/aquifer levels and
  • water infrastructure and services management,
    including consumptive and non-consumptive uses
    and disposal, to be analyzed mainly at the local
    level.
  • Information on those two distinct areas and
    levels would have to be aggregated at country
    level, for the WWDR

30
The Expert Group Meeting concluded that...
  • A more global picture of the current situation of
    water resources availability and uses in all
    countries, using data of regional and global
    databases, will be produced, with a special focus
    on the reliability and comparability of the data,
    together with appropriate comments.
  • The guiding principle of the exercise is
    Sustainable Development, centred on basic human
    needs. As such, the WWDR intends to present and
    use information in a manner similar to that of
    the UNDPs Human Development Report, and will
    integrate water-related parameters with
    socioeconomic parameters, through appropriate
    links between the two reports and use of
    synthetic indexes.
  • )A methodological research needs to be
    conducted, to find the most meaningful and simple
    way to link, for example, the following water
    access macro-economic and physical context
    household revenues and human health or to
    link water and sanitation pollution waste
    water treatments and disposal and the status of
    renewable water resources with the health of the
    environment.

31
The Expert Group Meeting concluded that...
  • Modern tools , such as data bases, satellite
    imagery, GIS, models and WEB sites, will be used
    progressively to compile, analyse and diffuse, at
    country level and as appropriate, relevant and
    reliable information.
  • It has been recalled that beneficiaries of the
    project will be, in the first place, the
    participating countries and their
    decision-makers, specifically those in the water
    sector, in order to stimulate and accelerate
    changes towards sustainable water development and
    management. A more effective and targeted support
    of the international community to such local and
    national efforts is another important objective
    of this UN report on water.

32
The Chicken and Egg ProblemsDynamic Cyclical
Definition
33
Indicator Consultants
34
Data to Indicators
35
Water Quality No WQ Data?Use simple models
totake agro-ind-municpal activites to loads
to stream Water Quality
Using Models for Generating Data
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Driving Force to Loads
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Indicator
41
Framework for Developing Indicators
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Sustainable Water Mgt ?
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Lessons
  • Institutional Issues
  • Data v. Insight
  • Simple v. Complex
  • Scale Issues Insights or misleading
  • Human Nature Issues Developers, Users, and
    Audience
  • Have lots of Cash in the Bank
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