Acids and Bases

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Acids and Bases
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Objective

• Given the power point about acids and bases, the
  student will complete the quiz with 100 accuracy
  and identify, define, and explain acids and bases
  in a class discussion 100 participation and
  focus.

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Learners

• High school juniors and seniors who have had a
  chemistry class previously.

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Learning Environment

• A computer lab in a high school.

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Having finished discussing equilibrium in a
system, we will now move on to acids and bases.
You will learn the definitions, types, and much
more
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-Ever wonder what causes heartburn?

• -Or why milk of magnesia helps rid one of
  heartburn?

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Table of Content

• Notes
• -pH...................................
• -Theories of acids
• and bases
• Real World
• Quiz.
• Exit..

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pH
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pH scale

• Numbered from 0 to 14
• 7 is neutral
• 0 to 6.99 is acidic, usually red on litmus paper
• 7.01 to 14 is basic, usually blue on litmus paper

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HA acid (general) A- the acids anion BOH
base (general) B the bases cation
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Theories of Acids and Bases

• The Arrhenius theory.
• The Bronsted-Lowry theory
• Other .

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The Arrhenius

• Theory

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Arrhenius

• Easiest definition of acid and base
• Acids produce H in solution
• Base produce OH- in solution
• Acid Base ? water a salt
• HA BOH ? H2O BA

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Monoprotic acidsex HCl

• HCl NaOH ? H2O NaOH
• H Cl- Na OH- ? H2O Na Cl-
• H OH- ? H2O

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Diprotic acidsex H2SO4

• H2SO4 2NaOH ? 2 H2O Na2SO4
• 2H SO42- 2Na 2OH-? 2H2O 2Na SO42-
• 2H 2OH- ? 2 H2O
• H OH- ? H2O

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Polyprotic acids ex H3PO4

• H3PO4 3NaOH ? 3H2O Na3PO4
• 3H PO43- 3Na 3OH-? 3H2O 3Na PO43-
• 3H 3OH-? 3H2O
• H OH- ? H2O

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The Bronsted-Lowry

• Theory

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Bronsted-Lowry

• Aqueous and non-aqueous solutions
• Acid donates a proton
• HCl ? H Cl-
• Base accepts a proton
• H2O H ? H3O

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More examples

• Acids
• H2SO4 ? 2H SO42-
• CH3COOH ? H CH3COO-

• Bases
• NH3 H ? NH4
• OH- H ? H2O

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Conjugate Acid-Base Pairs

• acid1 base1 ?? acid2 base2
• HF H2O ?? F- H3O
• acid1 base2
• HF F-
• base1 acid2
• H2O H3O

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All Arrhenius reactions are Bronsted- Lowry
reactions

• Not All Bronsted-Lowry reactions are Arrhenius
  reactions

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Examples

• HCl NaOH ? H2O NaCl
• -both Arrhenius and Bronsted-Lowry
• CH3COOH NH3 ? NH4 CH3COO-
• -Bronsted-Lowry only

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Other

• Not included in Arrhenius or Bronsted-Lowry

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Amphiprotic- acts as either an acid or a base

• Ex HCl H2O ? H3O Cl-
• H2O is a base
• NH3 H2O ? NH4 OH-
• H2O is an acid
• H2O H2O ? H3O OH-
• H2O is both an acid a base

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Real-World

• Heartburn is stomach acid rising up the
  esophagus.
• Milk of magnesia, being basic, neutralizes the
  stomach acid, helping relieve heartburn.
• A 1M solution of NaOH has a pH of 14.
• A 1M solution of HCl has a pH of 0.

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Quiz
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Well done!

• Lets move on to question 2

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Well done!

• Lets move on to question 3

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Well done!

• Lets move on to question 4

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Well done!

• Lets move on to question 5

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Well done!

• Lets move on to question 6

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Well done!

• Lets move on to question 7

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Well done!

• Great work!
• Lets return to the table of contents..

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Oops!

• Lets try that one again!

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Question 1

• What theory states that an acid plus a base
  yields water and a salt?

• A. Arrhenius
• B. Bronsted-Lowry..
• C. Amphiprotic..

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Question 2

• How many H ions are in the monprotic, diprotic,
  and polyprotic acids, respectfully?

• A. 3,2,1
• B. 2,3,1 ..
• C. 1,2,3

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Question 3

• According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, acids
  _____ protons.

• A. donate
• B. accept
• C. neither..

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Question 4

• According to the Bronsted-Lowry theory, bases
  _____ protons.

• A. donate
• B. accept
• C. neither..

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Question 5

• In the following equation the correct acid/base
  conjugate pairs are
• HF H2O ?? F- H3O

• A. HF H2O and F- H3O
• B. HF H3O and H2O F- .
• C. HF F- and H2O H3O .

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Question 6

• H2O H2O ? H3O OH-
• In this equation H2O is

• A. an acid
• B. a base.
• C. both an acid and
• a base.

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Question 7

• pH is on a scale of 1 to 14, 7 being _______,
  less than 7 being ______ and more than 7 being
  ______.

• A. basic, neutral, acidic
• B. neutral, acidic, basic.
• C. acidic, basic, neutral...

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Resources

• Chris Sisco
• North Central High School
• 910 E Co. Rd. 975 N
• Farmersburg, IN 47850
• Chemistry I and II
• The Molecular Nature of Matter and Charge,
• 3rd edition
• By M.S. Silberberg
• McGraw-Hill, 2003
• CHM 116 text book, spring 2005