The History of Pavement Noise and New Directions in Arizona

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The History of Pavement Noise and New Directions
in Arizona
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Noise Issues Are Not New

• 8000 BC Worlds First Major Town-Jericho
• 5000 BC Wheel Invented
• 4000 BC Mesopotamia
• 800 BC Iron Tires Introduced
• 44 BC First Noise Regulation
• 1869 London Report
• 1870s Use of Wood Blocks
• 1888 Pneumatic Tire Invented

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Roman Wagon Circa 100AD

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Noise Issues Are Not New
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1897 Survey of 122 Cities with Paved Streets and
Pop. gt 10,000
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AdditionalSurface Types
Hot Mix
Sheet Asphalt
6,000 Yrs
100 Yrs
Engine
Tire
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What is Noise, How is it Controlled, and How Does
it Affect Our Lives
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(No Transcript)
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Doubling Traffic adds 3dBA
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How Is It Controlled

• At the Source
• Vehicle Tire Emissions
• Through Distance
• 3 dBA Reduction for Each Doubling of Distance
• 25ft70dBA, 50ft67dBA, 100 ft64
• Through Obstructions
• Berms, Walls, And Combination of both

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Controlled At the Source
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Controlled Through Obstructions1 dBA for each 2
ft of Wall Above
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Ways of Measuring Sound

• Wayside (Far Field)
• Close Proximity (Near Field)
• Noise Intensity (Near Field)

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ADOT ISO CPX Trailer
1995 Spg 2000 Spg 2001 Spg 2002 Spg
2003 2004
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Noise Intensity
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The Arizona Noise Thing
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ADOT Uses ARFC to Provide Quiet Pavements

• ADOT is Spending 34M to Overlay PCCP in the
  Phoenix Metropolitan
• The ARFC is Minus 9.5mm 9-9.5 Binder
• 12.5 mm Thick When Used on Flexible Pavement
• 25 mm Thick When Used on PCCP
• ADOT Uses Pavement Type (ARFC) as a Noise
  Mitigation Strategy (4 dBA)

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How Did We Get Here? The
Technical Journey Begins!
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OGFC Gradat ion
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The Technical Journey?

• Development of Improved OGFC for Use in Snow
  Country (1970s-80s)
• Improved OGFC Used to Resist Reflective Cracking
  (1980s-90s)
• Improved OGFC Used as PCCP Overlay (1980s-2000s)
• Benefit For Smoothness (1990s)
• Benefit for Noise (1990s-2000s)

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The Social Journey Begins

• 1990 Industry Study
• 1995 ADOT initiates first formal research
• 2002 ISO Noise Trailer Constructed
• 2002 Collaborative Research with Caltrans NCAT
• 2002 Network Level Evaluation of ARFC
• 2002 PCCP Surface Texture Experiments
• 2002 ADOT Elects to Use ARFC for Noise
• 2003 ADOTs Quiet Pavement Pilot Program

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Population Growth of Arizona
The Social Journey Continues
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The March to the Arizona Quiet Pavement Pilot
Program
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(1) Network Level Evaluation of ARFC Surfaces
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(2) Evaluation of PCCP Tining Methods
Longitudinal
Uniform Transverse
Random Transverse
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(3) Comparison of Different Mixes
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Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
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Lessons Learned To Date

• Comparison of Various Surface Types
• Comparison of Measurement Systems
• Environmental Effects
• We Have Only Just Begun the JOURNEY!

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Noise Levels By Surface Type
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Mix Design Procedures
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Laboratory Tests

• Impedance Tube (Mobile)
• Complex Modulus Test-Loss Function
• Permeability/Infiltration
• Air Flow

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In Summary

• Surface Type Does Matter-Noise Should be
  Controlled at the Source
• Noise Should be Managed Just Like Friction,
  Roughness, Rutting, and Cracking
• People Do Care How They Live-Its a Quality of
  Life Issue!!!

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Thank You
6,000 Yrs
100 Yrs
Future
Tire/Pavement
Engine
Tire