Title: The History of Pavement Noise and New Directions in Arizona
1The History of Pavement Noise and New Directions
in Arizona
2Noise Issues Are Not New
- 8000 BC Worlds First Major Town-Jericho
- 5000 BC Wheel Invented
- 4000 BC Mesopotamia
- 800 BC Iron Tires Introduced
- 44 BC First Noise Regulation
- 1869 London Report
- 1870s Use of Wood Blocks
- 1888 Pneumatic Tire Invented
3Roman Wagon Circa 100AD
4Noise Issues Are Not New
51897 Survey of 122 Cities with Paved Streets and
Pop. gt 10,000
Paving Type Paved Length (km)
Asphalt 230
Granite Setts 1,920
Wood Block 1,220
Brick Block 1,160
Rock (Macadam?) 910
Total 5,440
6AdditionalSurface Types
Hot Mix
Sheet Asphalt
6,000 Yrs
100 Yrs
Engine
Tire
7What is Noise, How is it Controlled, and How Does
it Affect Our Lives
8(No Transcript)
9Doubling Traffic adds 3dBA
10How Is It Controlled
- At the Source
- Vehicle Tire Emissions
- Through Distance
- 3 dBA Reduction for Each Doubling of Distance
- 25ft70dBA, 50ft67dBA, 100 ft64
- Through Obstructions
- Berms, Walls, And Combination of both
11Controlled At the Source
12Controlled Through Obstructions1 dBA for each 2
ft of Wall Above
13Ways of Measuring Sound
- Wayside (Far Field)
- Close Proximity (Near Field)
- Noise Intensity (Near Field)
14ADOT ISO CPX Trailer
1995 Spg 2000 Spg 2001 Spg 2002 Spg
2003 2004
15Noise Intensity
16The Arizona Noise Thing
17ADOT Uses ARFC to Provide Quiet Pavements
- ADOT is Spending 34M to Overlay PCCP in the
Phoenix Metropolitan - The ARFC is Minus 9.5mm 9-9.5 Binder
- 12.5 mm Thick When Used on Flexible Pavement
- 25 mm Thick When Used on PCCP
- ADOT Uses Pavement Type (ARFC) as a Noise
Mitigation Strategy (4 dBA)
18How Did We Get Here? The
Technical Journey Begins!
19OGFC Gradat ion
20The Technical Journey?
- Development of Improved OGFC for Use in Snow
Country (1970s-80s) - Improved OGFC Used to Resist Reflective Cracking
(1980s-90s) - Improved OGFC Used as PCCP Overlay (1980s-2000s)
- Benefit For Smoothness (1990s)
- Benefit for Noise (1990s-2000s)
21The Social Journey Begins
- 1990 Industry Study
- 1995 ADOT initiates first formal research
- 2002 ISO Noise Trailer Constructed
- 2002 Collaborative Research with Caltrans NCAT
- 2002 Network Level Evaluation of ARFC
- 2002 PCCP Surface Texture Experiments
- 2002 ADOT Elects to Use ARFC for Noise
- 2003 ADOTs Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
22Population Growth of Arizona
The Social Journey Continues
23The March to the Arizona Quiet Pavement Pilot
Program
24(1) Network Level Evaluation of ARFC Surfaces
25(2) Evaluation of PCCP Tining Methods
Longitudinal
Uniform Transverse
Random Transverse
26(3) Comparison of Different Mixes
Wearing Course Surface Type CPX Noise Level (dBA)
SMA 95.9
AR-ACFC 95.0
PEM 96.0
27Quiet Pavement Pilot Program
28Lessons Learned To Date
- Comparison of Various Surface Types
- Comparison of Measurement Systems
- Environmental Effects
- We Have Only Just Begun the JOURNEY!
29Noise Levels By Surface Type
104.9 Random Transverse (Wisconsin)
102.5 Uniform Transverse (ADOT-3/4)
99.1 Longitudinal (ADOT-3/4)
95.5 Whisper Grind
91.8 ARFC
30Mix Design Procedures
31Laboratory Tests
- Impedance Tube (Mobile)
- Complex Modulus Test-Loss Function
- Permeability/Infiltration
- Air Flow
32In Summary
- Surface Type Does Matter-Noise Should be
Controlled at the Source - Noise Should be Managed Just Like Friction,
Roughness, Rutting, and Cracking - People Do Care How They Live-Its a Quality of
Life Issue!!!
33Thank You
6,000 Yrs
100 Yrs
Future
Tire/Pavement
Engine
Tire