Chapter 16 A Diverse Heritage

1
Chapter 16A Diverse Heritage

• Russia and the Republics

2
16.1 Russia and the Western Republics

• Early 1500s Russia expanded at about a rate of
  55 square miles a day for four centuries
• Baltic Republics- Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania.
• Russia began as a region between the Baltic and
  Black Sea.
• The Vikings came and took over the area close the
  waters for trade.

3
16.1

• Vikings adopted customs of local Slavic people
  and they began to expand.
• During the 13th century Mongols from the south
  (Tatars) began to invade.
• Ivan the Great (prince) led the Russians to
  battle and put an end to the Tatars rule in the
  mid 1500s and they began to expand their land
  and people once again.
• Peter the Great (czar- emperor) tried to expand
  in more ways then in just land, he wanted to
  improve in technology and science
• He moved the capital from Moscow to St.
  Petersburg.

4
16.1

• During WWI (1914-1918) the Russian people
  exploded into a revolt called the Russian
  Revolution.
• The Russian Communist Party led by V.I. Lenin and
  they took control over the govt.
• They formed a new nation called the U.S.S.R.-
  Union of Soviet Socialists Republic, and their
  new capital was in Moscow.

5
16.1

• 1939 -WWII broke out Joseph Stalin had taken
  over the communist govt.
• 1941 Stalin led his military against Nazi
  Germany, however the war dragged on between the
  Soviet Union and the U.S.
• The U.S. feared that a new stage of Russian
  expansion was beginning and that Stalin would do
  his best to spread communism.
• This is considered the Cold War because it never
  grew into open warfare.

6
16.1

• Communists were inspired by Karl Marx
• Marx believed that the capitalist system was
  doomed because it concentrated wealth in the
  hands of a few and left everyone else in poverty.
• Communist society- citizens own property together
  everyone shares the wealth.
• In order for a communist government to work, they
  must have a command economy- the central
  government makes all important economic decisions.

7
16.1

• Collective Farms- large teams of laborers are
  gathered to work together.
• Many different types of people live in Russia.
  Nearly 70 other types including Finnish, Turkish
  and Mongolian peoples.
• Most follow the Orthodox Christian religion, but
  some follow Buddhism, Islam and Judaism.

8
16.1

• Important writers are Aleksandr Pushkin an Feodor
  Dotoyevsky
• Important composers are Peter Tchaikovsky and
  Igor Stravinsky
• Russia is also known for their dancers- ballet
  and their composers
• Banya- bathhouse in which Russians perform a
  cleaning ritual that combines a dry sauna, steam
  bath, and often a plunge into ice cold water
  (frozen lake)

9
16.2 Transcaucasia

• People migrated using this as a route between
  Europe and Asia
• Land of many cultures
• Mostly Christian or Islamic faith

10
16.2

• Transcaucasia has been a place where the borders
  of rival empires have come together
• 1723 Peter the Great took control of the area
• Russian armies are constantly being added to this
  area for protection
• Red Army- the name of the Soviet military
• After the fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 this
  region gained its own independence

11
16.2

• Transcaucasia is known for its oil. It is known
  as the land of flames because of all the
  underground oil and gas deposits.
• A current debate in this region is whether or not
  the Caspian Sea is really an inland sea or lake.
• If its a sea then the countries surrounding it
  have legal rights to what resources are on their
  part of the water, but if it is a lake then all
  the countries must share the lake equally

12

• Please outline Chapter 16.3 and answer the
  questions that follow in the section 3 assessment
  (?s 1-3)
• If you do not finish the questions, please finish
  them for homework.

13
Section 3

• Explain the historical importance of Central
  Asia.
• Describe the environmental problems and promise
  of the region.
• Explain how Soviet policies contributed to the
  regions instability and identify some of the
  unifying forces.
• Describe the traditional lifestyle of nomads in
  Central Asia.