CGS 3269 COMPUTER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURE Course Website: http://www.cs.ucf.edu/courses/cgs3269.spr2002

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CGS 3269COMPUTER SYSTEMS ARCHITECTURECourse
Website http//www.cs.ucf.edu/courses/cgs3269.spr
2002
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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

• DIFFERENCE IN PERCEPTION BETWEEN MAN AND MACHINE.
  HOW DO YOU MAP PROBLEM SPACE TO MACHINE
  SPACE?
• TWO DIFFERENT APPROACHES EXIST
• TRANSLATION
• INTERPRETATION

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COMPUTER ORGANIZATION

• TRANSLATION USER WRITES A PROGRAM, WHICH IS THEN
  TRANSLATED BY MACHINE INTO A MACHINE-FRIENDLY
  PROGRAM AND EXECUTED.
• INTERPRETATION MACHINE INTERPRETS EACH
  INSTRUCTION INDIVIDUALLY. THIS TECHNIQUE DOES NOT
  REQUIRE GENERATION OF A MACHINE-FRIENDLY
  PROGRAM INSTEAD MACHINE-FRIENDLY
  INSTRUCTION(S) ARE GENERATED

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COMPUTER ABSTRACTION
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• LEVEL 0 DIGITAL LOGIC LEVEL
• GATES DIGITAL DEVICES (AND, OR) MODELED FROM
  ANALOG COMPONENTS (TRANSISTORS)
• GATES MODEL 1BIT MEMORY (CAN STORE 0 OR 1) AND
  ALU (DISCUSSED LATER)
• REGISTERS ARE MODELED FROM 4, 8, 16, 32 BIT MEMORY

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• LEVEL 1 MICROARCHITECTURE LEVEL
• LOCAL MEMORY IS FORMED FROM COLLECTION OF
  REGISTERS (TYPICALLY 8 TO 32 DEPENDING ON
  ARCHITECTURE)
• GATES FORM ALU (ARITHMETIC LOGIC UNIT) CAPABLE
  OF ARITHMETIC OPERATIONS
• REGISTERS ARE CONNECTED TO THE ALU TO FORM THE
  DATA PATH, OVER WHICH THE DATA FLOWS
• DATA PATH OPERATION IS TO TAKE DATA FROM ONE OR
  MORE REGISTERS TO THE ALU, WHERE IT IS PROCESSED
  AND RETURN RESULT TO REGISTER(S)

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MICROPROGRAM

• CONTROLS OPERATION OF THE DATA PATH
• OR
• DATA PATH CONTROL
• CAN BE HARDWARE BASED

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LEVEL 2 INSTRUCTION SET ARCHITECTURE LEVEL

• MACHINES INSTRUCTION SET
• INSTRUCTIONS CARRIED OUT INTERPRETIVELY BY THE
  MICROPROGRAM OR HARDWARE

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• LEVEL 3 OPERATING SYSTEM MACHINE LEVEL
• LEVEL 4 ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE LEVEL (NOTE THE SHIFT
  FROM INTREPRETATION TO TRANSLATION)
• LEVEL 5 PROBLEM-ORIENTED LANGUAGE LEVEL

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HISTORY OF COMPUTING

• ZEROTH GENERATION MECHANICAL COMPUTERS
• FIRST GENERATION VACUUM TUBES
• SECOND GENERATION TRANSISTORS
• THIRD GENERATION INTEGRATED CIRCUITS

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HISTORY OF COMPUTING

• FOURTH GENERATION VLSI
• FUTURE TRENDS (QUANTUM COMPUTING?)

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COMPUTER FAMILIES

• DESKTOPS/SERVERS/LAPTOPS (WINDOWS/LINUX BASED)
• INTEL, AMD
• DESKTOPS/LAPTOPS (MACINTOSH)
• MOTOROLA

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COMPUTER FAMILIES

• WORKSTATIONS/SERVERS (SUN OS, SOLARIS BASED)
• SPARC
• CUSTOM PROCESSORS FOR MOBILE, EMBEDDED, LOW POWER
  APPLICATIONS

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COMPONENTS OF PC ARCHITECTURE

• CPU
• MEMORY
• INPUT/OUTPUT
• DISK STORAGE
• PROGRAMS

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NUMBER SYSTEMS

• BINARY
• OCTAL
• DECIMAL
• HEXADECIMAL