GOVERNMENT: POLICIES and LEGISLATION ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT 8 APRIL 2004

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ASSALAMUALAIKUM
SELAMAT SEJAHTERA
GOOD AFTERNOON
JABATAN ALAM SEKITAR MALAYSIA
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Q-SHE CONFERENCE EXHIBITION (QUARRY SAFETY,
HEALTH ENVIRONMENT) FOR QUARRYING BUSINESS
ENHANCEMENT ENVIRONMENTAL REQUIREMENTS IN
QUARRY INDUSTRY 14 November 2006 Holiday Villa
Subang, Subang Jaya, Selangor
By Dr. Ir. SHAMSUDIN AB LATIF Deputy Director
General (Development) Department of Environment,
Malaysia
Department of Environment, Malaysia
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COVERAGE

1. Environmental impacts
2. Planning Stage
3. Environmental Management and Mitigation
   Measures
4. Maintenance, Monitoring and Record Keeping
5. Conclusion

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF QUARRIES
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Environmental Impacts of Quarries

1. Development stage
2. Operational stage
3. Post-closure stage

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PLANNING STAGE
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PUBLIC RELATION

• Good neighbor policy
• - Need to win support of neighboring
• community

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• Practical ways of promoting good
• neighborly relationships
• Consultation with residents at the EIA stage
• Make available copies of non technical summary
• Dedicated staff member to handle complaints
• Make available environmental monitoring data

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SITING CONSIDERATIONS

• Sufficient buffer distance of (preferably) at
  least 1000 meters from residential area

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• Site selected to minimize
• Visual impact
• Dust
• Noise
• Pollution of water courses

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• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)
• Identify potential impacts
• Suggest mitigation measures

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WRITTEN PERMISSION/APPROVAL

• Air pollution control
• Water pollution control
• Monitoring requirements

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PLANNING CONSIDERATIONS FOR MITIGATING
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS

• Site preparation
• Blasting
• Extraction
• Topsoil and overburden management
• Rehabilitation
• Processing
• Stockpiling
• Traffic

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Site Preparation

• Activities
• - timber clearing
• - grubbing
• - top soil and overburden salvage
• Main aspects of concern
• - Soil erosion and sediment control

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Blasting

• Blasting generates
• - vibration
• - audible noise
• - fly rock
• - dust
• Control
• - digital blasting using electronic detonators

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Extraction

• Noise
• Visual concerns
• Dust
• Traffic
• Pollution prevention
• Erosion, sediment, storm water
• Rehabilitation

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• Topsoil and Overburden Management
• Only clear area that will be actively used
  for extraction, processing and stockpiling
• in the near future

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Rehabilitation

• Progressive rehabilitation is recommended
• - minimize topsoil and overburden handling
• - minimize the need for large storm water
  management area
• - prevent dust generation

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• Processing
• Aggregate processing may include
• Crushers, screens, wash plants,
• generators, conveyors
• Concerns
• Noise, dust, visual impact, sediment, water,
  wash-water fine

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• Stockpiling
• Generates large quantity of stormwater
• Stormwater management dust control
• BMPs
• Chute drop height water sprays buffers
• on down wind of stockpiles stockpiles located
  away from sensitive areas

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• Traffic
• On-site traffic generates dust and noise
• Mitigation measures
• - aspects of haul road and industrial
• traffic
• - Entrance and exit designs
• - Weigh scale layout

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENTAND MITIGATION MEASURES
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STORMWATER AND EROSION CONTROL

• Concerns Soil erosion and mud slides
• Best Management Practices (BMPs)
• Stabilization (Prevention)
• Structural (Treatment)
• Inspections

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• Stabilization (Prevention)
• Bufferzone
• Bioengineering
• Ditches
• Erosion control blanket
• Tarp
• Vegetation cover
• Benching
• Hidroseeding
• Limit clearing
• Tree protection

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• Structural (Treatment)
• Check dam
• Ditches
• Outlet protection
• Retention basin
• Settling pond
• Silt fence
• Swales

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• Inspections
• Post-storm events
• Weekly

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• Reference Document
• Manual Saliran Mesra Alam (MASMA)
• published by Drainage and Irrigation
• Department (DID) Malaysia

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• Drilling
• Concerns Noise and dust
• Requires drilling plan
• Mitigation measures
• - Drilling machine
• dust extraction and collection
• - Drill hammers and engines
• Noise suppression
• - Drilling hours Restricted

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• Blasting
• Concerns Vibration, air blast
• Standard
• Air blast over pressure 120dB (Lin Peak)
• Ground vibration Maximum 3 mm/s peak
• particle velocity (ppv)
• Mitigation measures
• - Use hydraulic rock breakers
• - Do not use surface detonating cord
• - Use electronic detonators

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• Noise
• Activities
• - Drilling
• - Blasting
• - Earth moving operations
• - Crushing
• - Screening

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• Standard At Quarry Boundary
• Should not exceed 5 10 dB(A)
• above normal day time ambient level
• Day time 65 dB(A)
• Night time 55 dB(A)

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• Processing
• Enclosures around crushing and screening plants
• Solid barriers (bund walls and topographical
  features)
• Vegetation belt
• Maintain access and haul road to reduce truck
  noise
• Maintain lubricate machineries to reduce
  machinery noise
• Use silencers on compressors, rotary engines and
  generators

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• Dust control
• Typically, low concentration of dust
• in respirable range (less then 3
• microns)
• Sources - from processes
• - from fugitive sources

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• Dust Generating Points
• Drilling
• Blasting
• Loading of trucks
• Truck travel
• Fugitive dust loss from trucks
• Dumping onto primary crusher
• Primary, secondary, tertiary crushing
• Screening
• Transfer points on conveyor systems
• Loading onto storage piles from conveyors
• Windblown dust from stockpiles and open
  conveyors

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• Mitigation Measures
• Some already discussed earlier
• Common approach
• - Wet suppression system
• - Dry collection system

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Agglomerative Wet Suppression System -
Use atomizing nozzles - Water
spray pressures Exceeding
14 atm (200 psi)
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• Wet Suppression System
• Applicable for both process and
• fugitive dust emission
• Efficiency Greater than 70
• Need to enclose dust generation
• sources

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• Examples of Enclosure Types/Forms
• Transfer Points
• A head box with inlet strip curtain
• A seal on underside of feeder belt
• Tight chute with a rock box
• Tight skirt board for the entire length
• of the belt cover
• Strip curtain fitted at the front and back
  discharges of the cover

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• Enclosure Types/Forms(cont.)
• Screens
• Preferably, totally enclosed
• If open, the feeder belt must be enclosed with
• a head box extending out over the deck and
  distribution plate
• A seal with rubber between deck and hopper

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• Enclosure Types/Forms(cont.)
• Crushers
• Rock box or vault under crusher, with
• substantial volume
• If no vault, the receiving belt must be skirted
• Crusher month to be protected from wind by
• wind screen

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• Enclosure Types/Forms(cont.)
• Dump pockets and hoppers
• Custom design enclosure
• Hopper top - use of solid sheet material/
• tarp fabric/wind fence material
• Baffles or turning vans

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• DRY COLLECTION SYSTEM
• Advantage
• - More efficient
• Disadvantage
• - Capital intensive
• - Power consumptive
• - High maintenance
• - Applicable only to sources which can
• be enclosed

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Dry collection system consist of -
Extraction system (hoods, ducting, fans) -
Bag house (filters filtration velocity)

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• Drilling for blast charge
• Use wet suppression system
• or
• Hooding plus cyclone

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• Crushing operation (primary, secondary, tertiary)
• Primary Crushers
• All crushers must be enclosed
• Wet suppression system (spray above and
• below crushers)
• Crushers can be inter-linked with water
• flow detectors

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• Secondary Crushers
• Sources
• - transfer into crusher
• - crusher itself
• Dust control
• - enclosure
• - vent though bag house

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• Screening and Material Transfer
• Sources
• - Screens
• - Transfer points
• - Load outs (from hoppers and
• conveyors)
• Dust control
• - enclosure
• - vent though bag house

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• Conveying
• Control
• - Spraying with water or conditioning
• agents at or below discharge points
• from the conveyer

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• Stockpiling
• Control
• - Storage bays
• - Covers
• - Water spraying (plus suppressants)
• - Reduce fall height
• - Use stone ladder
• - Limit height of stockpile
• - No open storage of material under 3 mm
• - Stockpile at sheltered points
• - Areas used by vehicles to be consolidated
• or kept wet

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• Truck Out Areas
• (From quarry site to public roadways)
• Control
• Paving (minimum 30 m)
• Use wash station

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MAINTENANCE/MONITORING AND RECORD KEEPING
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• Visible emission monitoring
• Visible emission due to particle size range of
  0.1 to 200 microns
• Operator should monitor visible emission
• Visual observation indicates effectiveness of
  dust control on site

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• Other Dust Monitoring Techniques
• Use simple dust deposition
• gages

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Record Keeping of Visible Emission Monitoring
Keep a record of (in a log) - Visible
emission monitoring activity -
Corrective actions taken
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Performance Monitoring of Air Pollution Control
System Performance monitoring and record
keeping requirement for bag filters to follow the
Guidance Document published by the DOE entitled
Technical Guidance Document Series Number
DOE APCS-II Technical Guidance on Performance
Monitoring of Air Pollution Control systems
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• Performance Monitoring of
• Storm Water and Erosion
• Sediment Control Measures
• Inspection required
• To ensure continued performance of storm
• water and erosion control measures
• Visual inspection during general
• inspection round by quarry supervisor

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• Storm Water and Erosion
• Sediment Control Measures
• Inspection frequency
• - Every 7 days or
• - within 24 hours after any storm event
• greater than 1 cm of rain per 24 hours
• period
• Sampling conducted during/after storm
• event

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Record Keeping Keep a log of - Visual
inspection - Sampling activity -
Corrective actions
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CONCLUSION
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• CONCLUSION
• A need for a new and comprehensive approach to
  environmental management in quarry industry in
  Malaysia
• Best management practices/best available
  techniques are available to mitigate impacts to
  acceptable levels
• Hence quarries and other land users can co-exist
  harmoniously

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THAT'S ALL

THANK YOU
Contact sham_at_doe.gov.my
Tel [phone] Fax [phone]
Department of Environment, Malaysia