Title: Warm UP On a separate pieces of paper identify these parts of the eye and then tell me how we see us
1Warm UP- On a separate pieces of paper identify
these parts of the eye and then tell me how we
see using these words. You are handing this in
DO NOT JUST COPY YOUR NOTES
- Retina
- Rods
- Cones
- Thalamus
- Occipital cortex
- Optic Nerve
- Fovea
- Transduction
- Cornea
- Pupil
- Iris
- Lens
- Accommodation
2Chapter 5 Sensation pt. 2
3Mariachi or Old Folks
43 Faces In One
59 People?
6Old Man or Lovers Kissing
7A Young Woman or
8A Grouchy Clown
9A Clown
10Or a Circus
11Color Constancy
- Human Beings maintain Color Constancy
perceiving familiar objects as having consistent
color, even if lighting changes to alter the
wavelength given off by the object.
12Context Affects Color
- We only retain color constancy when the context
remains the same. - Same color will look different when compared in
different contexts.
13Sense 2 Hearing (Audition)
- The loudness of a sound is determined by a waves
amplitude (height.) - The frequency, number of complete wavelengths
that pass a point in a given time, determines the
sounds pitch the tones highness or lowness.
14Hearing Threshold
Hearing is measured in decibels. Zero decibels
is considered the threshold of hearing.
15Parts of the Ear
- Outer Ear
- Job Gather sound waves to eardrum.
- Parts auditory canal and eardrum.
- Middle Ear
- Job To Amplify and concentrate the vibrations
onto cochleas oval window. - Parts Ossicles, made up of three tiny bones
hammer, anvil, and stirrup (malleus, incus, and
stapes) - Inner Ear
- Job To change sound waves into neural impulses
- Parts Oval Window, Cochlea, Basilar Membrane,
Hair Cells.
16Process of Hearing
- Your outer ear channels sound waves to the
eardrum or tympanum. - Your eardrum vibrates with sound waves
- This causes 3 tiny bones called the ossicles (the
hammer, anvil and the stirrup) of your middle ear
to vibrate
17Process of Hearing
- 4. The vibrating stirrup pushes against the oval
window of the cochlea in the inner ear. The
cochlea is fluid filled and waves are created. - 5. Inside the cochlea is a basilar membrane with
hair cells that are bent by the vibrations and
are transduced into a neural impulse
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19Process of Hearing
- 6. Hair cells synapse with auditory neuron whose
axons form the auditory nerve - 7. The auditory nerve transmits sound messages
though your medulla, pons and thalamus to the
auditory cortex of the temporal lobe. - What cell is triggers neural impulses in the eye?
20Inner Ear and Vestibular Sense
- The semicircular canals are connected to the
cochlea by the vestibular sacs. - The semicircular canals contain substance that
move when our head rotates or tilts and allows us
to maintain our vestibular sense sense of our
body movement and position
21How Do We Perceive Pitch 2 Theories
- Hemholtzs Place Theory argues we hear
different pitches because different sound waves
trigger activity at different places in the
cochleas membraneeasily explains high pitches
since these pitches are highly localized. - Frequency Theory We sense pitch by the basilar
membrane in cochlea vibrating at the same rate as
the sound. Explains low pitch well. - Volley Principle- alternate firing to get over
1000 fires per sound
22How Do We Locate Sounds
Why is Having 2 Ears Important?
23Parallel Processing
- Just like with vision, audition involves parallel
processing - Time difference
- Intensity
- memories
24Hearing Loss
- Conductive Hearing Loss hearing loss caused by
damage to the mechanical system that conducts
sound waves to the cochlea like eardrum and
ossicles. - Solution to Conductive Hearing Loss?
- Hearing aid
25Hearing Loss
- Sensorineural Hearing Loss damage caused to
cochleas receptor cells (hair cells) or auditory
nerves. - Solution?
- Cochlear Implant
26Older People Suffer Most Hearing Loss With High
Frequency Sounds
27On a separate pieces of paper put these words in
the correct order of how we hear and in your own
words tell me how we hear DO NOT JUST COPY YOUR
NOTES
- Cochlea
- Stirup
- Hammer
- Sound waves
- Neural impulse
- Transduction
- Oval window
- Anvil
- Ossicles
- Outer ear
- Eardrum/tympanum
- Basilar membrane
- Hair cells
28Touch
- Premature Babies
- Monkeys
- Skin sensations are a variation of the basic 4
- Pressure
- Warmth
- Cold
- Pain
29Sense 3 Touch
- Pain Is a Good Thing!
- Gate Control Theory
- theory that the spinal cord contains a
neurological gate that blocks pain signals or
allows them to pass on to the brain - gate opened by the activity of pain signals
traveling up small nerve fibers - gate closed by activity in larger fibers or by
information coming from the brain
30Social Influence On Pain
-Pain is both a physiological and a psychological
phenomenon. -Depending on symptoms, doctors may
use drugs, surgery, etc. or relaxation training,
thought distraction. Example Lamaze Method
31Memories of Pain
- More to our memories of pain than the pain we
experienced. - People tend to overlook duration of pain and
instead concentrate on its peak moments and how
much pain they felt at the end. - What do doctors do because of this?
- Taper down procedures
32Senses 4 5 Taste and Smell
- Why are Taste and Smell studied together?
33Taste
- 4 Basic Sensations
- Sweet
- Sour
- Salty
- Bitter
- 200 taste buds
- Reproduce every 1 or 2 weeks
- Older decrease in taste buds
- Smoking and Alcohol decrease in taste buds
34Taste and Smell
- Taste and Smell are both chemical senses.
- Tongue is central muscle for taste which contain
taste buds. - Smell runs through receptor cells in nasal cavity
which are send neural signals to the olfactory
bulbs in the brain.
35Smell
- 5 million receptor cells at the top of your nasal
cavity - Detect 10,000 odors
- Decreases with age
- Have your own chemical signature
36Smell
- Nasal Cavity brings the smell up to your
receptors - Receptor cells send the message to the brains
olfactory bulb - Then to the temporal lobes primary smell cortex
- Parallel Processing
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38Smell and Emotion
- Sense of smell activates areas in limbic system
involved in emotion and memory. - Smells can often evoke memories of the past or
emotional experiences more often than most other
senses.
39Sensory Restriction
- People born without access to a sense, compensate
with development of stronger other senses. - Sensory Restriction has produced mixed results
depending on context - Early Experiments disorientation,
hallucinations, etc.