Title: Farmer Bobs Problem
1Farmer Bobs Problem
- Wind turbine suitable for his needs
- Wants to be completely cut off from the utility
company - Doesnt know where to place the wind turbine
- Needs a way to store the excess energy
- Wants to try and use excess energy in his cars or
truck
2Geographic and Seasonal Analysis
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7Over-Production,Under-Production, Storage of
Energy
8Production and Storage
- Months with Over-Production
- Months with Under-Production
- Needed Storage for compensation of
under-production
9Two Days of Storage
- Our storage device needs to be capable of holding
at least 82kWh worth of energy - The device needs to produce 1.71kW every hour
10Batteries
- Batteries were less efficient
- Need to be replaced often
- Price of purchasing batteries would add up
- Work like hydrogen, but less efficient
11Flywheel
12Advantages
- Reliability
- Simplicity
- Safety
- Ease of Maintenance
13Disadvantages
14Water Towers
- Use of Gravitational Energy
15Advantages/Disadvantages
- Height vs. Amount of Water
- Cost Disadvantage of Water Tower
- Maintenance Advantage of Water Tower
- Shear Size and Amount Needed
16Hydrogen Safety
17The Hindenburg
- The fabric of the airship and stores of diesel
fuel started the fire. - The hydrogen gas burned quickly and above the
occupants.
18Why is it safer
- Hydrogen is less flammable than gasoline
- Hydrogen combustion produces fewer harmful
chemicals - Hydride tanks have a powder that prevents
explosions
19Storage tanks
- Hydrogen tanks can withstand several tests
- Bullets
- High temperatures
- Collisions
20The Hydrogen System
21Hydrogen System
- Main components of the hydrogen system Storage
Device, Electrolyzer, and the Fuel cell
Electrolyzer
Fuel Cell
Storage
22The Electrolyzer
- An electrolyzer is a device that uses a method of
electrolysis to convert water into gaseous
hydrogen. - Two main types of electrolyzers the Potassium
Hydroxide (KOH) electrolyzer, and the Proton
Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer. - The PEM electrolyzer was chosen for this project
due to its ability to generate pure hydrogen from
water at pressures around 200 psig or higher,
therefore eliminating a need for a compressor.
23Hydrogen Storage
- 4 Solutions Considered
- Liquid storage
- Gaseous storage
- Metal Hydrides
- Carbon Nanotubes
24Liquid Storage
- Onsite storage system
- Includes tank, vaporizer,
- controls
- Extremely cold temperatures
- 20 K or -253oC
- Specially Designed Equipment
- 30 energy loss for cooling compressing process
25Gaseous Storage
- Cylinders
- - Rare to find cylinders over 300 SCF
- Highly compressed tanks
- - Large Size
- - Periodical testing for safety
- - Requires energy to compress
- - Expensive
- Tube trailers
- - Mobile, large quantities
26Metal Hydrides
- Made of combinations metallic alloy that act
like a sponge soaking up water - Safely delivers hydrogen at constant pressure
- New technology - available but at high costs
27Carbon Nanotubes
- Microscopic tubes of
- carbon that store hydrogen
- in microscopic pores
- Like metal hydrides only can store larger
amounts - Still in research development stage so
considered as future option
28The Basic Fuel Cell
http//inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfue
lcells.htm
29COSTS
30Costs of Hydrogen Storage
Capital Storage Cost Per kWh
31Hydrogen System Costs
Cost of a minimal maintenance electrolyzer to
generate 1.5 Nm3
Typical Costs for the storage of 100,000L / 297.5
kWh
Cylinder Oxarc Price Quote 22 cylinders- 3,382.50
Cost of minimal maintenance fuel cell system that
produces a max 2.6 kWh output
Fuel Cell FYD2000 - 14,250
Electrolyzer Hogen 40 series - 60,000
32Wind Turbine Costs
33Capital Cost Estimate Of The System
34Hydrogen uses
35Automobiles
- Safer
- Burns more efficiently than gasoline or natural
gas - Fuel cells are very strong
- Used in rockets, cars, and busses so far
36other uses
- Welding of several materials
- Heating
- Combustion engines