Farmer Bobs Problem

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Farmer Bobs Problem

• Wind turbine suitable for his needs
• Wants to be completely cut off from the utility
  company
• Doesnt know where to place the wind turbine
• Needs a way to store the excess energy
• Wants to try and use excess energy in his cars or
  truck

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Geographic and Seasonal Analysis
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Over-Production,Under-Production, Storage of
Energy
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Production and Storage

• Months with Over-Production
• Months with Under-Production

• Needed Storage for compensation of
  under-production

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Two Days of Storage

• Our storage device needs to be capable of holding
  at least 82kWh worth of energy
• The device needs to produce 1.71kW every hour

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Batteries

• Batteries were less efficient
• Need to be replaced often
• Price of purchasing batteries would add up
• Work like hydrogen, but less efficient

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Flywheel
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Advantages

• Reliability
• Simplicity
• Safety
• Ease of Maintenance

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Disadvantages

• Cost
• Size
• Functionality

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Water Towers

• Use of Gravitational Energy

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Advantages/Disadvantages

• Height vs. Amount of Water
• Cost Disadvantage of Water Tower
• Maintenance Advantage of Water Tower
• Shear Size and Amount Needed

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Hydrogen Safety

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The Hindenburg

• The fabric of the airship and stores of diesel
  fuel started the fire.
• The hydrogen gas burned quickly and above the
  occupants.

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Why is it safer

• Hydrogen is less flammable than gasoline
• Hydrogen combustion produces fewer harmful
  chemicals
• Hydride tanks have a powder that prevents
  explosions

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Storage tanks

• Hydrogen tanks can withstand several tests
• Bullets
• High temperatures
• Collisions

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The Hydrogen System
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Hydrogen System

• Main components of the hydrogen system Storage
  Device, Electrolyzer, and the Fuel cell

Electrolyzer
Fuel Cell
Storage
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The Electrolyzer

• An electrolyzer is a device that uses a method of
  electrolysis to convert water into gaseous
  hydrogen.
• Two main types of electrolyzers the Potassium
  Hydroxide (KOH) electrolyzer, and the Proton
  Exchange Membrane (PEM) electrolyzer.
• The PEM electrolyzer was chosen for this project
  due to its ability to generate pure hydrogen from
  water at pressures around 200 psig or higher,
  therefore eliminating a need for a compressor.

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Hydrogen Storage

• 4 Solutions Considered
• Liquid storage
• Gaseous storage
• Metal Hydrides
• Carbon Nanotubes

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Liquid Storage

• Onsite storage system
• Includes tank, vaporizer,
• controls
• Extremely cold temperatures
• 20 K or -253oC
• Specially Designed Equipment
• 30 energy loss for cooling compressing process

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Gaseous Storage

• Cylinders
• - Rare to find cylinders over 300 SCF
• Highly compressed tanks
• - Large Size
• - Periodical testing for safety
• - Requires energy to compress
• - Expensive
• Tube trailers
• - Mobile, large quantities

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Metal Hydrides

• Made of combinations metallic alloy that act
  like a sponge soaking up water
• Safely delivers hydrogen at constant pressure
• New technology - available but at high costs

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Carbon Nanotubes

• Microscopic tubes of
• carbon that store hydrogen
• in microscopic pores
• Like metal hydrides only can store larger
  amounts
• Still in research development stage so
  considered as future option

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The Basic Fuel Cell
http//inventors.about.com/library/inventors/blfue
lcells.htm
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COSTS
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Costs of Hydrogen Storage
Capital Storage Cost Per kWh
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Hydrogen System Costs
Cost of a minimal maintenance electrolyzer to
generate 1.5 Nm3
Typical Costs for the storage of 100,000L / 297.5
kWh
Cylinder Oxarc Price Quote 22 cylinders- 3,382.50
Cost of minimal maintenance fuel cell system that
produces a max 2.6 kWh output
Fuel Cell FYD2000 - 14,250
Electrolyzer Hogen 40 series - 60,000
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Wind Turbine Costs
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Capital Cost Estimate Of The System
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Hydrogen uses

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Automobiles

• Safer
• Burns more efficiently than gasoline or natural
  gas
• Fuel cells are very strong
• Used in rockets, cars, and busses so far

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other uses

• Welding of several materials
• Heating
• Combustion engines