THE UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH, POWER, AND PRIVILEGE BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN

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THE UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF WEALTH, POWER, AND
PRIVILEGE BETWEEN MEN AND WOMEN
GENDER STRATIFICATION
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MALE-FEMALE DIFFERENCES

• SEX
• THE BIOLOGICAL DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN FEMALES AND
  MALES
• GENDER
• PERSONAL TRAITS AND SOCIAL POSITIONS THAT MEMBERS
  OF A SOCIETY ATTACH TO BEING FEMALE AND MALE
• DIFFERENCES
• BIOLOGICALLY BASED
• SOCIOLOGICALLY BASED

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A CROSS-CULTURAL LOOK

• THE ISRAELI KIBBUTZIM
• RAISING CHILDREN IN AN EVIRONMENT IN WHICH SEX
  MADE NO DIFFERENCE
• MARGARET MEADS RESEARCH
• IS SEX LINKED TO A SPECIFIC, UNIVERSAL SOCIAL
  DISTINY?
• STUDIES FOUND
• MORE FEMININITY DISPLAYED AMONG THE ARAPESH
• BOTH SEXES DISPLAYED PRIMARILY MASCULINE IN
  TRAITS AMONG THE MUNDUGUMOR
• REVERSAL OF TRADITIONAL ROLES AMONG THE TCHAMBULI
• CHALLENGES MADE TO MEADS STUDIES
• MUCH OF HER FINDINGS WERE TOO NEATLY PACKAGED
• OTHER FOUND THAT EXTERNAL INFLUENCES BROUGHT
  ABOUT RESULTS OF HER STUDIES

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THE RULE OF FATHERS A FORM OF SOCIAL
ORGANIZATION IN WHICH MALES DOMINATE FEMALES

• MATRIARCHY
• SOCIAL DOMINANCE BY WOMEN
• SEXISM
• BELIEF THAT ONE SEX OR THE OTHER IS INNATELY
  INFERIOR OR SUPERIOR
• UNTOLD LOSSES WHEN CONSIDERING HOW MUCH TALENT
  HAS BEEN LOCKED OUT
• INEVITABILITY OF PATRIARCHY
• IS BIOLOGY DESTINY? SHOULD WOMEN RULE?
• MARGARET MEADS RESEARCH

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THE SOCIALIZATION PROCESS AND GENDER
WHAT IS FEMININE AND MASCULINE? HOW DO WE ACQUIRE
SUCH DISTINCTIONS?
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THE FAMILY

• SELECTIVE ABORTION
• SOCIAL VALUE AND DEATH
• IS IT A BOY OR GIRL?
• COLOR-CODING GENDER
• HANDLING OF CHILDREN
• BE A GOOD LITTLE MAN
• ITS OK TO BE A TOM-BOY
• WHY WOULDNT A GIRL WANT TO BE A BOY?
• BUT, WHAT IF A BOY ACTS TOO MUCH LIKE A GIRL?

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• PEER GROUPS USE NORMATIVE CONCEPTIONS OF GENDER
• PRESSURES TO TAKE PART IN BEHAVIORS THAT ARE
  NORMATIVE TO AGE AND GENDER
• GAMES WITH SERIOUS IMPLICATIONS
• BOYS
• VICTORY TEAM SPORTS
• GIRLS
• COOPERATIVE GAMING

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SCHOOL AND GENDER

• HIGH SCHOOL
• GIRLS
• SECRETARIAL, VOCATIONAL, AND FOOD SERVICE CLASSES
• BOYS
• WOODWORKING AND AUTOMECHANICS ATTRACT BOYS
• COLLEGE
• MEN
• MATHEMATICS AND HARD SCIENCES
• WOMEN
• THE HUMANITIES, FINE ARTS, AND THE SOCIAL SCIENCES

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THE MEDIA

• WHITE MALES HAVE CENTER STAGE
• MINORITIES OF ALL KINDS LOCKED OUT
• WOMEN RECEIVE ROLES BASED ON SEX APPEAL
• THE BEAUTY MYTH
• EATING DISORDERS
• EMOTIONAL STRESS
• IDEAL IMAGING

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• ALMOST 60 OF ALL WOMEN WORK OUTSIDE OF THE HOME
• ADMINISTRATIVE SUPPORT AND SERVICE SECTOR JOBS
  MAKE UP THE TYPE OF WORK DONE BY ONE-HALF OF ALL
  WORKING WOMEN
• MANY WOMEN RETURN HOME FROM WORK TO BEGIN THEIR
  SECOND SHIFT
• ON AVERAGE, WOMEN EARN 74 CENTS FOR EVERY DOLLAR
  EARNED BY MEN (1998)
• LARGELY DUE TO TYPE OF WORK DONE
• CORPORATE WOMEN AND THE GLASS CEILING
• RECENTLY, 12 OF RICHEST AMERICANS IDENTIFIED BY
  FORBES WERE WOMEN

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WOMEN AND

• EDUCATION
• MANY THINGS ARE LOOKING UP
• POLITICS
• TODAY, THOUSANDS OF WOMEN HOLD PUBLIC OFFICE
• MUCH LESS MOVEMENT IN UPPER RANKS WORLDDWIDE
• ONLY 11.7 OF SEATS IN WORLD PARLIAMENTS
• THE MILITARY
• 15 OF THE ARMED FORECES WERE WOMEN IN 1998
• THE COAST GUARD OPENS ALL ASSIGNMENTS TO WOMEN
• THE UNTIED STATES MARINE CORPS DENIES ACCESS TO
  TWO-THIRDS OF ITS MILITARY OCCUPATIONAL FIELDS

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IN WHAT WAYS MIGHT AMERICAN TRADITIONS CLOAK
WOMEN IN A SHROUD OF LIMITATIONS?

• GIVEN THE ECONOMIC REALITIES, WOMEN CERTAINLY
  QUALIFY
• AT ALL LEVELS IN THE CLASS SYSTEM, WOMEN HAVE
• LESS INCOME
• LESS WEALTH
• LESS EDUCATION, AND
• LESS POWER THAN MEN
• PATRIARCHY PROVIDES WOMEN WITH SOCIAL STANDING,
  FIRST THEIR, AND THEN THEIR HUSBANDS

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• IN THE HOME
• SOME WOMEN BELIEVE THAT A RAPE CULTURE EXISTS
  IN AMERICA
• IN PUBLIC
• SEXUAL WHISTLING AND OTHER FORMS OF HARASSMENT
  AWAIT WOMEN ON STREETS
• THE WORKPLACE
• SEXUAL HARASSMENT REMAINS PROBLEMATIC FOR WOMEN
• PORNOGRAPHY
• POWER ISSUE WHICH MAY TELL MEN ITS OK TO CONTROL
  WOMEN IN A SEXUAL WAY

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FROM A SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

• STRUCTURAL-FUNCTIONALISM
• MEN, WOMEN, AND THE FUNCTIONALITY OF CLEAR-CUT
  GENDER ROLES
• SOCIAL CONFLICT
• WOMEN, CLASS POSITION, AND CAPITALISM
• SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM
• GENDER AND LANGUAGE USEAGE

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FEMINISM IN AMERICAITS MOST BASIC PRINCIPLES

• IMPORTANCE OF CHANGE
• IT IS CRITICAL
• EXPANSION OF HUMAN CHOICE
• NO RESTRICTIONS ON POTENTIAL
• NO GENDER STRATIFICATION
• EQUALITY UNDER THE LAW
• ENDING SEXUAL VIOLENCE
• DISTORTS RELATIONSHIPS
• SEXUAL AUTONOMY
• CONTROL OVER REPRODUCTION

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• LIBERAL FEMINISM
• HUMANITARIAN-LIKE THINKING
• SOCIALIST FEMINISM
• BELIEF IN SOCIALIST REVOLUTION
• RADICAL FEMINISM
• ELIMINATE IDEA OF GENDER
• EGALITARIAN, GENDER-FREE REVOLUTION
• OPPOSITION TO FEMINISM
• MOST IS DIRECTED TOWARD SOCIALIST AND RADICAL
  FEMINIST GROUPS
• GENERALLY, MEN DO NOT WANT TO GIVE UP THEIR
  STATUS. WHO REALLY WOULD?

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