Question of the Day

1
Question of the Day

• Which nation had control of the Ohio River Valley
  in 1753 and which nation wanted to gain control
  of it?

2
Chapter 10, Section 2A Contest For The Empire

• ? George Washington ? French and Indian War
• ? Benjamin Franklin ? Albany Congress ? Treaty of
  Paris

• Main Idea
• Britains victory in the French and Indian War
  forced the French to give up their holdings in
  North America.
• Why It Matters Now
• Although France lost its claims, French
  influence in North America can still be seen.

3
Setting The Stage

• On October 31, 1753, George Washington was sent
  with a letter from Governor Dinwiddie of Virginia
  demanding that the French depart from the Ohio
  River Valley.

• The French commander scoffed at the letter.
• The British now had to decide between losing the
  Ohio River Valley or fighting the French for it.

4
Beginnings Of The French Indian War

• About 4 months after his meeting with the French
  commander, Washington was ordered to build a fort
  at the beginning of the Ohio River.

• Washington soon learned that the French had
  already built Fort Duquesne on the same spot.
• Washington quickly built Fort Necessity on
  another site.

5
Beginnings Of The French Indian War

• Washington attacked the French on the evening of
  May 27, 1754, killing 15 and capturing 22 French
  soldiers.
• Washingtons victory was short-lived.
• On July 3, the French surrounded Washington at
  Fort Necessity. After a day of hard fighting,
  Washington surrendered.

6
Beginnings Of The French Indian War

• The French sent Washington back to Virginia with
  a message Stay out of French territory!
• British author Horace Walpole remarked, The
  volley fired by this young Virginian in the
  forests of America has set the world in flames.
• It was the beginning of the French Indian War,
  1754 1763.

7
An Alliance With The Iroquois

• While Washington was defending Fort Necessity, a
  meeting was held in June 1754 to discuss an
  alliance with the Iroquois which became known as
  the Albany Congress.
• Rather than offer support to the English, the
  Iroquois challenged Englands strength in the
  region.
• The Iroquois accepted many gifts, but they made
  few promises in return.

8
Unity Rejected

• Benjamin Franklin, a delegate from Pennsylvania
  at the Albany Congress, presented a plan to form
  a union among the colonies.
• Franklins plan proposed a Grand council made up
  of representatives from each colony and a
  president general appointed by the King.

9
Unity Rejected

• North Carolinas Assembly ordered the plan
  printed for later study.
• Only Massachusetts seriously debated the plan.
• Franklin complained, Everyone cries, a union is
  necessary, but when they come to the manner and
  form of a union, their weak (heads) are perfectly
  distracted.

10
North Carolina To The Rescue

• In 1754, the North Carolina Assembly agreed to
  send troops to Virginia and to levy a special tax
  for defense of the frontier.
• North Carolina sent Colonel James Innes with 450
  North Carolina Militia.

11
A North Carolina Victory

• At the start of the war, some Native Americans
  allied with the British, but most sided with
  their French trading partners.
• The French were encouraging the Cherokee Indians
  to attack British settlements.
• North Carolina built Fort Dobbs near Statesville.

12
A North Carolina Victory

• In the winter of 1758, North Carolina sent 300
  troops under the command of Major Hugh Waddell.
• Waddell and Sergeant John Rogers disguised
  themselves as Indians and seized a Native
  American that had just been inside Fort Duquesne.
  

• With the information Waddell and Rogers gained,
  the British were able to take Fort Duquesne
  without firing a shot.

13
The British Victory At Quebec

• William Pitt, the British secretary of state,
  took over leadership of the war effort in 1757
  and turned the tide of the war in Britains
  favor.
• In 1759, General James Wolfe captured Quebec
  which gave England control over part of what is
  now Canada.

14
Peace Treaties Of 1763

• Although local skirmishes continued along the
  frontier into 1763, the victory at Quebec had
  decided the wars outcome in Britains favor.
• In November 1763, Governor Dobbs attended a peace
  conference in Augusta, Georgia.
• Along with 25 Native American chiefs, 4 colonial
  governors, and a British official, Governor Dobbs
  helped to negotiate the terms of a peace treaty.

15
Peace Treaties Of 1763

• Also in 1763, the British signed the Treaty of
  Paris, officially ending their war with France
  and gaining what is now Canada and most of the
  French holdings east of the Mississippi River.
• English colonists suddenly found themselves part
  of one the worlds greatest empires.

16
British North America In 1763
17
Do you remember?

• Which nation had control of the Ohio River Valley
  and which nation wanted to gain control of it?
• Answer Both France and England claimed the
  region, but France had control and Britain wanted
  it.
• Describe Washingtons first encounter with the
  French in 1754 at Fort Necessity.
• Answer His first encounter ended in defeat when
  the French surrounded him and he subsequently
  surrendered the fort.

18
Do you remember?

• Describe the Albany Congress?
• Answer The meeting was called to negotiate an
  alliance with the Iroquois.
• What plans did Benjamin Franklin propose at the
  Congress?
• Answer He proposed a union among the colonies.
• How did the colonists respond to Franklins plan?
• Answer Only Massachusetts seriously debated the
  plan.