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Avian Influenza and human cases of AI. Veterinary problem. Virus H1 to H15, N1 to N9 ... Surveillance of human cases of avian influenza. Follow up of the viral genome ... – PowerPoint PPT presentation

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Title: Prsentation PowerPoint


1
Influenza
Scientific Aspects Dr Sophie Maes and
Professor Van Ranst Interministerial Commission
Influenza
2
Causal agent for Influenza
  • Virus genetic material wrapped in a membrane
  • Three major groups of influenza
  • Influenza C
  • Influenza B
  • Influenza A
  • Subdivided into several subtypes (H5N1, )
  • Infect not only humans but also animals
  • Mutate more rapidly

3
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4
Evolution of the Influenza virus
  • The virus is in constant evolution
  • Two types of evolution
  • Antigenic Drift
  • Small errors in transcription that are not
    corrected
  • Antigenic Shift
  • Mutation
  • Recombination

5
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6
Different aspects of Influenza
  • Seasonal influenza
  • Avian influenza animal disease
  • Human cases of avian influenza
  • Pandemic influenza

7
Seasonal Influenza
  • Seasonal fluctuation of the number of cases
  • Certain degree of immunity in the population
  • Mortality principally in certain well defined
    risk groups (e.g. elderly, people with chronic
    diseases)
  • Vaccination is possible composition needs to be
    adapted every season

8
Avian Influenza and human cases of AI
  • Veterinary problem
  • Virus H1 to H15, N1 to N9
  • Pathogenicity is very variable
  • Low pathogenic AI
  • Highly pathogenic AI
  • Very high mortality
  • Transmission
  • Very contagious in animals , little or no
    immunity
  • Transmission to humans is very rare ( very close
    contact)
  • No transmission between humans

9
Pandemic Influenza
  • Antigenic shift
  • Inter human transmission
  • No Immunity in the population
  • New strain of the influenza virus
  • Can infect a big proportion of the population
  • Mortality Rate unknown
  • No vaccine available

10
INFLUBELInfluenza epidemic modelling
andscenario analysis software
  • Modelling of influenza epidemics
  • Study of distribution over time of morbidity,
    health care utilization, and mortality
  • Scenario analysis to study the influence of
    vaccination, antivirals, and social distancing
    measures

11
Influbel parameters
  • Population
  • Basic reproduction number
  • Seeding parameters
  • Social interaction Social distancing
  • Symptomatic/asymptomatic infections
  • Morbidity parameters
  • GP use and hospitalisation parameters
  • Vaccination and antiviral use parameters

12
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13
International collaboration
  • WHO
  • Surveillance of human cases of avian influenza
  • Follow up of the viral genome
  • Composition of the seasonal flu vaccine
  • Follow up of the phases

14
International collaboration
  • EISS
  • Weekly surveillance report for 29 countries
  • Operates the Community Network of Reference
    Laboratories for Human Influenza in Europe

15
International collaboration
  • ECDC core activities
  • Surveillance
  • Scientific advice
  • Identification of emerging health threats
    (epidemic intelligence)
  • Training
  • Communications
  • Providing technical assistance (country
    support)
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