MAC

1
MAC

• Presented by Lynsie Kamppi, Del Marie Patton,
  and Maureen Horsch

2
Specific Term

• MAC(Mycobacterium avium complex)
• MIC(Mycobacterium intracellulare complex)
• MAC affects lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, and
  intestines

3
Characteristics

• Found in HIV patients or individuals with
  compromised immune systems
• One of many different types of Mycobacterium
  species
• Classified as an acid-fast gram positive bacilli
• Slender, nonmotile, and does not produce spores
  or capsules
• Composed of aerobic species
• Grows slowly, often requiring a month or more to
  form a visible colony on an agar surface
• Usually found in people with under 50 T4 cells
• Outer cell walls consist of mycolic acids, making
  the cells resistant to desiccation and to
  staining with water based dyes
• Chemotrophs(use various metabolic pathways)
• Enters through airways and invades macrophages
  where they become overwhelmed by replicating
  bacilli and die

4
Resistance to Rifampin and INH

• Rifampin resistance results from chromosomal
  mutation that alters the binding site on an
  enzyme
• INH(Isoniazid) resistance is due to random
  mutations of bacterial chromosomes that result in
  reduced drug uptake or alterations of target sites

5
Exchange DNA Method

• The DNA exchange method is transformation,
  because it kills macrophages and the bacteria
  takes over.

6
Treatment

• Suggested treatment would be azithromycin or
  clarithromycin. Effective treatment should
  continue for life

7
Prognosis

• Most likely the patient will not conform to
  taking this treatment for life
• The Mycobacterium may become resistant to these
  drugs
• The HIV virus will eventually take the patients
  life

8
Precautions

• Drinking water should be boiled
• Avoid contact with animals, especially birds and
  bird droppings. Pigeons carry MAC
• Avoid raw food and unpasteurized dairy products