Regional Cooperation Present, Past and Future Dr John Easey

1
Regional Cooperation Present, Past and
FutureDr John Easey
Australian Nuclear Science Technology
Organisation
Australian Nuclear Science Technology
Organisation

2
Regional Overview

• Currently the major mechanisms for
  Cooperation in Nuclear Science and Technology in
  the Pacific Rim Region are
• The IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme (TC)
  Coordinated Research Projects (CRPs).
• The Regional Cooperative Agreements (RCA) and
  ARCAL.
• The Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (FNCA).
• Bilateral Agreements.

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Regional Overview

• The IAEA Related Programmes.

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Overview IAEA CRPs

• Article III of the IAEAs Statute states
  that the Agency is authorized to encourage and
  assist research on, and development and practical
  application of, atomic energy for peaceful
  purposes throughout the world and to foster the
  exchange of scientific and technical information,
  as well as the exchange of scientists in the
  field of peaceful uses of atomic energy.

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Overview IAEA CRPs

• The Agencys coordinated research activities
  commenced in 1959.
• The 2005 Report on the CRP Programme has 125
  Active CRPs.
• The 2005 budget was 7.39 million.
• The Average award / contract was 6,440.

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Regional Overview

• The IAEA Technical Cooperation Programme
  provides support through
• National Projects
• Regional Projects
• Inter-regional Projects
• 102 IAEA Member States are listed as
  Recipient Countries or Territories.

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IAEA Technical Cooperation Divisions

• Africa
• Asia Pacific
• Europe
• Latin America

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IAEA TC RecipientsAsia Pacific (27)

• Afghanistan
• Bangladesh
• China
• Indonesia
• Iran, Islamic Republic of
• Iraq
• Israel
• Jordan
• Korea, Republic of
• Kuwait
• Lebanon
• Malaysia
• Marshall Island

• Mongolia
• Myanmar
• Pakistan
• Philippines
• Qatar
• Saudi Arabia
• Singapore
• Sri Lanka
• Syrian Arab Republic
• Territories under the jurisdiction of the
  Palestinian Authority
• Thailand
• United Arab Emirates
• Vietnam
• Yemen.

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IAEA TC RecipientsLatin America (22)

• Argentina
• Belize
• Bolivia
• Brazil
• Chile
• Colombia
• Costa Rica
• Cuba
• Dominican Republic
• Ecuador
• El Salvador

• Guatemala
• Honduras
• Haiti
• Jamaica
• Mexico
• Nicaragua
• Panama
• Paraguay
• Peru
• Uruguay
• Venezuela.

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Regional Overview

• The Regional Cooperative Agreements.

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Regional Cooperative Agreements

• Regional Cooperative Agreements are formal
  inter-governmental agreements providing
  frameworks for collaboration by their Member
  States.
• These are conducted under the aegis of the
  IAEA but it is not a signatory to them.
• There are three
• RCA Asia
• ARCAL Latin America
• Africa - AFRA.

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RCA (" Regional Cooperative Agreement for
Research, Development and Training Related to
Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the
Pacific ").

• The RCA (Regional Cooperative Agreement for
  Research, Development and Training Related to
  Nuclear Science and Technology for Asia and the
  Pacific) provides a framework for collaboration
  by its Asian Member States.
• RCA is a formal inter-governmental
  agreement which entered into force in 1972. It
  has been the model for the other regional
  agreements.

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RCA Member States (17)

• Australia
• Bangladesh
• China
• India
• Indonesia
• Japan
• Republic of Korea
• Malaysia
• Mongolia

• Myanmar
• New Zealand
• Pakistan
• Philippines
• Singapore
• Sri Lanka
• Thailand
• Vietnam.

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ARCAL ("Acuerdo Regional de Cooperación para la
Promoción de la Ciencia y la Tecnología Nucleares
en América Latina y el Caribe").

• The ARCAL agreement (Regional Cooperative
  Agreement for the Advancement of Nuclear Science
  and Technology in Latin America and the
  Caribbean) provides a framework for collaboration
  for its Member States in Latin America and the
  Caribbean.
• It was first established in 1984 as an
  institute to institute arrangement but was made a
  formal inter-governmental agreement in 1998.

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ARCAL Member States (20)

• Argentina
• Bolivia
• Brazil
• Chile
• Colombia
• Costa Rica
• Cuba
• Dominican Republic
• Ecuador
• El Salvador
•  

• Guatemala
• Haiti
• Jamaica
• Mexico
• Nicaragua
• Panama
• Paraguay
• Peru
• Uruguay
• Venezuela.

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RCA Projects 1972-2006

• Sector No. of Projects Budget
• 
  US 000
• Agriculture 12
  5,405
• Energy 8
  2,270
• Environment 11
  4,237
• Human Health 23 12,155
• Industry 25 23,256
• Information 1 197
• Instruments 1 1,932
• Management 4 2,518
• Radiation Protection 7 4,927
• Research Reactor 6 1,350
• Waste Management 1 156
• Total 99 57,352

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UN Joint Inspection Unit (JIU) Evaluation

• In February 1995, the JIU report UN
  System Support for Science and Technology in Asia
  and the Pacific", closely evaluated 10 projects
  selected in the Asia Pacific region.
• One of these ten projects was the RCA
  Industrial Project, part funded by UNDP,
  Australia, Japan .
• This project achieved the highest rating
  ever in the UN system for its output performance
  (96 percent) with ratings of excellent" in nine
  of the ten categories, the highest evaluation
  ever made for a project in the field of science
  and technology.

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Regional Overview

• Non-IAEA Programmes

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Overview FNCAProgramme

• Regional Nuclear Cooperation in Asia (RNCA)
  activities have been promoted and led by Japan
  since 1990.
• Initially under the banner of the
  International Conference for Nuclear Cooperation
  in Asia (ICNCA).
• In 1999 the ICNCA was reviewed and
  reformulated.
• The Forum for Nuclear Cooperation in Asia
  (FNCA) commenced in 2000.

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Overview FNCAProgramme

• 8 Projects in the FNCA Programme
• Application for Agriculture
• Application for Medical Care
• Human Resource Development
• Public Information
• Research Reactor Utilisation
• Radioactive Waste Management
• Industrial Application
• Nuclear Safety Culture.

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FNCAParticipating Countries

• Australia
• China
• Indonesia
• Japan
• Republic of Korea
• Malaysia
• Philippines
• Thailand
• Viet Nam .

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Future

• Where next?

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Future

• The RCA Member States have adopted a Medium
  Term Strategy and will be focussing on
• Ensuring effective Management of the RCA
• Achieving greater impact for RCA projects
• Developing nuclear technology capacities in RCA
  Member States that are sustainable and relevant
  to their socioeconomic needs
• Enhancing the uptake of nuclear technologies and
  increasing the visibility of the RCA .

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RCA Programme2005-06

• 21 Projects in 8 Sectors
• Agriculture (3)
• Energy (1)
• Environment (3)
• Human Health (6)
• Industry (3)
• Radiation Protection (3)
• Research Reactor Utilisation (1)
• TCDC (1)

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Proposed RCA Programme2007-08

• 20 Projects in 8 Sectors
• Agriculture (3)
• Energy (1)
• Environment (3)
• Human Health (7)
• Industry (3)
• Radiation Protection (1)
• Research Reactor Utilisation (1)
• TCDC (1)

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RCA ProgrammeFuture Years

• RCA Programme2008-09
• Total 15 Projects
• RCA Programme2012 on
• Total 10 Projects

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Future

• The FNCA is undertaking a range of measures
  to assist in the effective management of the
  programme, wide financial support and the
  achievement of greater impact for the projects

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Future

• New opportunities.

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Future

• Currently there is no single modality for
  Pacific Rim Countries to collaborate and
  cooperate in the peaceful applications of nuclear
  science and technology to address problems of
  concern.

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Future

• APEC economies constitute a significant
  proportion of the Pacific Rim and are committed
  to cooperation over a range of activities.
• Under APEC there are 11 Working Groups
  including Agriculture, Energy, Fisheries, Human
  Resource Development, Industrial Science and
  Technology and Marine Resource Conservation.

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Future

• These Working Groups all offer
  opportunities to demonstrate the valuable
  contribution that nuclear science and technology
  can provide to understanding and solving
  problems.
• A generally high level of competency in
  nuclear science and technology has been
  established across the APEC region but there is a
  wide variation in the facilities available in any
  one economy.

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Future

• Optimise the utilisation of the investments
  in nuclear science and technology to address high
  priority needs of the region.

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Future

• Focussed collaboration and cooperation
  between the APEC member economies in the peaceful
  applications of nuclear science and technology
  could extend the efficient and effective
  utilisation of the large and specialised
  investments in nuclear science in the region.

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Future

• As well as assisting in addressing human
  resource development and knowledge management
  problems arising from shortages of skills and
  capabilities in some economies.

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Overview

• Access to such infrastructure would
  contribute to regional efforts in a wide range of
  Industrial Science and Technology related areas
  including
• Biotechnology
• Nanotechnology
• Environmental Science.

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Overview

• Such collaboration and cooperation would
  incorporate best practice, including the safety
  and security of radiation and radioisotope
  sources, and thus further contribute to
  enhancement of standards and practices in the
  region.

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Scoping Workshop

• Scoping Workshop, Sydney, Saturday 21 October
  2006.
• This will be an all-day closed meeting for
  participants to discuss cooperation in nuclear
  science and technology among APEC economies and
  scope details of a project on the application of
  neutron beams for the benefit of industry and the
  community. A report will be presented to the
  APEC Industry Science and Technology Working
  Group (IST WG).  

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Scoping Workshop

• Scoping Workshop, Sydney, 21 October 2006.
• Workshop Participation
• Participation is being invited from a mix of
  technical advisors, senior scientists and senior
  specialists from APEC economies so that there can
  be broad engagement, discussion and input for the
  scoping document.

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Thank you!
Australian Nuclear Science Technology
Organisation
Australian Nuclear Science Technology
Organisation

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ANSTO Reactors

• OPAL ((Open Pool Australian Light-water reactor)
• Irradiation Rigs and Facilities, Including High
  Level Activity Handling
• Neutron Beam Facilities
• Two powder diffractometers (ECHIDNA
  high-resolution ) (WOMBAT high-intensity )
• Two triple-axis spectrometers (TAIPAN thermal)
  (SIKA cold)
• Residual-Stress Diffractometer (KOWARI)
• Quasi-Laue Diffractometer (KOALA)
• Small-Angle Neutron Scattering (QUOKKA)
• Neutron reflectometer (PLATYPUS)

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Project Proposal OPAL Neutron Beam
Instrumentation

• ANSTOs OPAL Research Reactor (Open Pool
  Australian Light-water reactor)
• Summary of a selection of the installed Neutron
  Beam Instrumentation

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Project Proposal OPAL Neutron Beam
Instrumentation

• Neutron reflectometer 
• PLATYPUS
• Current application areas include the study of
  all-manner of surface-science and interface
  problems, particularly related to the magnetic
  recording industry and for polymer coatings,
  biosensors and artificial biological membranes. 

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Overview OPAL Neutron Beam Instrumentation

• Quasi-Laue Diffractometer
• KOALA
• It uses thermal neutrons and is designed
  to collect rapidly diffraction data from single
  crystals, even of small dimensions.
• Applications can cover a wide range of
  materials-science problems, including the new
  lightweight hydrogen-storage materials (alanates,
  metal-organic frameworks, etc.) that are under
  consideration for transportation applications.

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Overview OPAL Neutron Beam Instrumentation

• Small-Angle Neutron Scattering
• QUOKKA
• It uses cold neutrons and is a powerful
  technique for looking at sizes and structures of
  objects on the nanoscale (1-10nm).
• Areas of application cover polymer
  molecules, biological molecules, defect
  structures in metals and ceramics, pores in
  rocks, magnetic clusters, magnetic flux lines in
  type-II superconductors and so on. 

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Overview OPAL Neutron Beam Instrumentation

• Residual-Stress Diffractometer
• KOWARI
• It uses neutrons to scan strains in
  crystalline materials. Neutrons can penetrate
  centimetres into the object of interest.
• Current areas of application include
  pressure-vessel steels, aircraft-skin aluminium
  alloys, automobile brake rotors, welding of
  rails, hardening of die steels, coatings for
  aero-engine components, and various problems in
  stainless steel.

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Project Proposal OPAL Neutron Beam
Instrumentation

• Two world-class powder diffractometers 
• ECHIDNA high-resolution powder diffractometer
• It is optimised for structure determination of
  new materials.
• WOMBAT high-intensity powder diffractometer.   
• It is optimised for kinetics experiments and very
  small samples, and will specialise on in-situ
  studies of chemical reactions, other dynamic
  phenomena, high-pressure experiments and
  magnetism. 
• Future scientific opportunities will likely
  include  novel hydrogen-storage materials,
  negative-thermal-expansion materials, methane-ice
  clathrates, pharmaceutical molecules