Time Between the War

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Chapter 24 Time Between the War
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• The War changed the way people looked
• at the World
• Changing Patterns
• President Warren Harding
• sloganReturn to Normalcy
• Trends
• A. women gained independence
• right to vote 20th Amendment
• use of make-up
• called flappers short skirts
• Dislike for the familiar common place

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B. Heroes Babe Ruth Sultan of Swat Gertude
Ederle swam Channel Charles Lindberg flew to
Paris C.Business flourished under Coolidge The
Business of America is Business
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2. Technology automobile had the biggest
impact people were mobile network of
highways Radio created a homogenous
culture advertising stimulated
business Others Refrigerator, vacuum cleaners,
electric irons MOVIES
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3. Revolution in Ideas Physics Einstein
altered ideas of space, time motion theory
of Relativity harnessed the atomic
bomb development of Atomic energy Psychology
Sigmund Freud revolutionized ideas about the mind
Unconscious play of roles shaping behavior We
surpress bad memories/leads to illness
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The Arts many new and shocking Literature war
destroyed peoples belief in Traditional
values. 1. TS Eliot patchwork style of
writing The Wasteland Cats sense of
disenchantment 2. Ernst Hemingway
straightforward style The Sun Also Rises F.
Scott Fitzgerald The Great Gatsby (excesses of
society)
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3. James Joyce Irish novelist Ulysses began
new form stream of consciousness influenced by
Freud inner thoughts Earthy language caused
uproar 4. Harlem Renaissance African influence
in America Langston Hughes Claude McKay
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Jacob Lawrence Harlem Renaissance Dreamers
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5. Social Critics John Steinbeck Grapes of
Wrath Cannery Row John Dos Passoss USA
Triology
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Visual Art Picasso Les Demoiselle d
Avignon First piece Of Cubist Art
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Cubism abstract art form that uses geometric
shapes Art is a lie that makes us realize the
truth
1. Most important 20th cent. Art form 2. Paint
what they think is there (cant see all sides at
one time) 3. Two periods Analytic Synthetic
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Salvador Dali Surrealism 1. Dreamlike images 2.
Unnatural combinations Persistence of Memory
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American Photographer New art form Social
commentary Dorthea Lange Concern for
people Common subject
Migrant mother
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Music Dance 1 Prokofiev Age of Steel
Composer 2. Arnold Schoenberg 12 Tone
Row mathematical music Pierrot Lunaire (decay
of society) Golden Age of Jazz only American
art form usedAfrican rhythms classical
music Ex Louis Armstrong, Jelly Roll
Morton spirituals, ballads, childrens jingles
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commonly began for bands in funeral
processions in New Orleans Dance Isadora Duncan
Martha Graham choreographers
dances Architecture Walter Gropius began glass
structure with concrete Frank L. Wright
interest in nature Prairie School
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Popular Culture movies reflected the
culture first movie The Last Laugh
(silent) Director Charlie Chaplin The Jazz
Singer 1927 (sound) actor Al Jolson Gangster
movies popular Tried to educate Mr. Smith
goes to Washington
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Popular Dance Music Benny Goodman Duke
Ellington Count Basie Called Swing
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Section 2 Post War Prosperity
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• Advantages of US after WW I
• only in war 1 year
• separated from war by Atlantic
• no land destruction
• stronger after the war than before
• Economic Boom resulted from war
• 2. Post War Prosperity
• 1919 foreign govt owed US 10 billion
• called Balance of Payment Deficit

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Isolationism dislike of involvement in
foreign affairs 3. Roaring 20s fast pace of
life and pursuit of pleasure changes in peoples
lives automobiles commercial
airlines telephone links
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• 4. The Economy Problems
• wages of laborers lag behind
• more machinery increased unemployment
• farmers markets dried up too much wheat
• Economic Nationalism used protective
• tariffs and restricted imports
• Home markets couldnt consume all goods
• America lent money to Europeans to buy
• American goods BAD IDEA

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5. SPECULATION , PANIC CRASH Speculation
hopes of making money fast NYSE Oct. 29.29
Black Friday more than 16 million shares
traded problem was buying on margin (credit) 6.
Great Depression world wide banks all over the
world closed 30 million out of work
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Lots of goods but no one could buy them Canada
burned her own wheat Brazil dumped coffee 7.
Responses to the Depression higher tariff made
trade worse Eng govt low interest loans
Imperial Preferences ( colonies got lower
tariffs)
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8. America elects FDR program New Deal A.
Domestic Plan regulated banks stock
market public works NRA (National Recovery
Act) B. Foreign Plan disarmament
Kellogg-Briand Pact denounced war All
nations signed it
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9. Great Britain debt from WW I general strike
for better wages failed Trade Dispute Act
made strikes illegal workers gained with Labour
Party Prime Minister Ramsey Mac Donald set up
Commonwealth
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Biggest problem Ireland 1921 Free Ireland
Catholic Changed name to Erie Prime Minister
Eamon De Valera Ulster (North Ireland) part of
England
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10. France most devastation/land destroyed High
unemployment inflation Lower class people paid
all the debt Biggest problem military
security Govt required a coalition of
parties Fascists rioted in Paris Prime Minister
Leon Blum (socialist)
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Foreign Policy Locarno Agreement appeal
for Lasting peace have agreements with Weimar
Rep. Maginot Line built rebuilt army 200 miles
of steel concrete thought another war would be
in Fr.
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France remains a democracy, But not by much 11.
Internationally Germany paid reparations France
took Ruhr Valley German workers not allowed to
work outside of Germany Germany invited to
join League
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12. Eastern Europe many still faced feudal
system no industry Russia Hungary could no
longer trade unstable 13. Austria Anschluss
wanted unity with Germany 1/3 people in Austria
live in Vienna Catholic Church major role in
Govt
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14. Hungary Communist leader Bela Kun Overthrown
by Admiral Horthy landlocked kingdom without a
king, ruled by an admiral without a fleet 15.
Poland military dictator Marshall
Pilsudski
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Section 3 Fascist Dictatorships
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A. Italy Benito Mussolini son of a
blacksmith newspaper editor extreme
nationalist Hated Communists BEGAN FASCISM Latin
for fasces(bundle of rods) symbolizes govt
authority
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Characteristics dictatorial rule all authority
belongs to state extreme nationalism middle
class appeal preserves existing classes private
ownership of property opposed Communism
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Mussolini Gains Power 1.followers were
demoralized soldiers called the Black
Shirts 2.attracted professional,s landowners,
industrialists 3. Offered full
employment social security nationalism Glories
of Rome 4. Violent campaigns against opposition
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5. October 1922 took power defend Italy
against Communism take the title Il Duce 6.
Italy is a Police State opposition parties
disappear NO free press, trial by jury or free
speech unions and strikes outlawed secret
police used
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7. Fascism uses CORPORATE STATE representation
by occupation formed syndicates (represented
occ.) 22 of these by 30s all portions of the
State had to cooperate increase in army
navy increase in armaments decreased in
unemployment
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HOW FASCIMS IS LIKE COMMUNISM totalitarian
dictatorship state maintains strict
control censorship common HOW THEY ARE
DIFFERENT 1.Communism international
revolution nationalistic (F) 2.appeals to
workers promises a classless society ( not
F.) 3. property land held by state in (Com)
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B. Germany after the War 1. after the War heavy
loss of life burden of debt unemployment inflat
ion 2. The Weimar Republic 1918 federal republic
set-up President Hindenberg 2 Houses Reitstag
Bundesrat universal sufferage
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3. Why the Republic Failed not popular with
public thought it was treachery by
Wilson Communists took over Bavaria free corps
groups of reactionary rebels general strike in
Berlin Govt was powerless to control country 4.
Nazism Hitler National Socialist German Workers
Party 1920 NAZI
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• NationalisticAryan RaceGerman myth
• Support of wealthy business men
• Appealed to Everyone
• farmers promised land
• workers better living conditions
• repeal of Versailles Treaty
• 1. Do away with war guilt
• 2. Regain colonies to build a
• Greater Germany

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b. Life of Hitler ex-soldier son of minor
official wanted to be an artist became
anti-Semitic Wrote Mein Kampf (My Struggle) 1932
prison for Beer Hall Putsch hypnotic
talent nickname der furher few followers
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c.Election 1933 Pres. Hindenberg Vice-Chancell
or Hitler Brown shirts (followers) burn
Reitstag Hindenberg resigns Hitler becomes
President takes emergency powers
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5. Nazi Programs called 3rd Reich became a
police state Gestapo Anschluss used to take
Czech Austria put opposition in prison
liberals, Communists socialists Jews
targets lived Ghettos wore yellow Star of
David night of glass terror by SS 1939
Rome-Berlin Axis
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Section 5 Russia after the Revolution
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• Russia after the Revolution
• 1917 Moscow new capital
• Lenin leader of cabinet
• National Congress organized
• Under Lenin
• 1922 changed name to USSR
• 16 Republics set up

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Practiced War Communism nationalized
industry NEP allowed for free enterprise a.
farming free b. foreign capital welcome Two
Types of Farms 1. Collective peasants share
profits 2. State run like factory 1924 Lenin
dies
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B. Trotsky talented party organizer organized
Red Army Marxist revolution around the
world C. Stalin leader of Communist
Party socialist in one country
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• D. Stalin takes power in 1928
• Command Economy
• set goals forindustry,agriculture,social
  expanded educational system
• built hospitals housing
• more capital goods/ less consumer
• collective farming Kulaks
• 5 Year Plans a success
• Why Command failed
• Hard work not rewarded
• Scarce resources

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Stalins Dictatorship make people conform to
party line no Orthodox Church progroms to get
rid of Jews Social Realism all art to serve
state Govt under Stalin 36 constitutions Supreme
Soviet met twice a year Presidium smaller
committee Actual govt Politburo (only party
leaders) Democratic Centralism in voting
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• 1938 Party Purge (8 million killed)
• Comintern 3rd International
• Advocated international revolution
• alienated many countries
• set-up Communist Parties everywhere
• built suspicion fear of USSR